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数字媒体创意设计思维:实践型理性思维的典型特征

时间:2023-11-21 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:设计思维具有以下典型特征:设计思维专注于设计工作的创意,具有“实践型理性思维”的特点新手设计者在面对数字产品的技术创新或者解决复杂性问题时,由于缺乏设计经验,在实践工作中往往会陷入困境。设计思维将设计工作置于真实问题的情境中,通过发现问题、分析和解构问题、解决问题的实施路径完成任务。设计思维有助于新手设计者反思设计行为,权衡利弊得失,从而形成同现实世界关联密切的复杂思维。

数字媒体创意设计思维:实践型理性思维的典型特征

可以将设计思维看成一种方法,这种方法会随着信息技术的进步而不断演进。在实际工作中,有经验的数字产品设计师通过将设计经验还原或者显现化为一种流程式的设计理论,以此指导新手设计者进行数字产品设计或者用来解决复杂性问题。设计思维具有以下典型特征:

(1)设计思维专注于设计工作的创意,具有“实践型理性思维”的特点

新手设计者在面对数字产品的技术创新或者解决复杂性问题时,由于缺乏设计经验,在实践工作中往往会陷入困境。设计思维是通过一套科学的方法将成功有效的经验进行还原和显现化,能够提高设计的表现手段和工作效率。对已有数字产品的改进、创新性数字产品的生成提供有力的支持,同时也加速科技成果的转化。

(2)设计思维可以有效促进设计师思维能力的发展

日常的生活和工作都会对新手设计者的思维能力进行培养,但往往是孤立的、碎片化的。设计思维将设计工作置于真实问题的情境中,通过发现问题、分析和解构问题、解决问题的实施路径完成任务。设计思维有助于新手设计者反思设计行为,权衡利弊得失,从而形成同现实世界关联密切的复杂思维。

(3)设计思维不同于设计流程,它表述了与设计过程密切相关的多维度关系

设计思维方法不仅能够体现设计活动流程,而且对设计活动进行结构框架的简化。一方面,设计活动流程突出了设计过程的前后顺序,使其更具可操作性;另一方面,设计活动的结构框架从整体上把握了各要素的功能及其相互之间的内部关系。有效的设计思维方法是时间、事件、人员和资源等要素的多维度整合,而设计流程只是设计思维方法中的一个维度而已。

(4)设计思维具有普适性的特点,能够与其他方法形成良好的衔接

设计活动是人类普遍存在的一种主体行为,创意设计思维方法作为设计师思考方式的结构框架,有着不受专业局限的宽阔视野,能够为数字媒体领域的各类创新产品提供方法论指导。此外,创意设计思维方法往往是一种粗线条式的指导方针,具有较好的包容性,能够融入多种因素并与其他方法体系形成良好的衔接。

设计思维借助发散思维和收敛思维使解决问题的方案“丰满”起来[44],转化为一套启发式规则、一系列步骤或策略,能用以指导人们解决复杂问题或制作有创新性的产品[45]。设计意识与设计思维能够使得设计师将创造性思维表现于行动中(Creative Thinking-in-Action),指导行动者的实践。为了让设计的过程更有效,设计思维必须要是跨学科跨领域,同时设计师之间必须要有差异性。设计思维鼓励合作,尤其鼓励不同领域之间的合作,例如研究部门和工厂之间的合作,工厂和市场之间的合作,目的都是为了扩展创新视野来寻找机会。总的来说,设计思维的内涵是一整套具备普遍适用性和跨学科跨领域的方法,它以人为本并以多种方式激发创新思维,最终形成一套具体的行动方案,这在数字产品的设计活动中是必不可少的。

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