学习目标
熟练掌握国际贸易中海洋运输货物主要险别；掌握与“保险”相关信函的基本写作步骤、常用句型、术语以及适用的写作方法，并能够根据不同的外贸情景，在规定的时间内完成写作，积累写作技巧，提高交际能力，为完成与“保险”相关的外贸任务打好基础。
学习重点
熟练掌握与“保险”相关信函的基本写作步骤、常用句型、术语以及适用的写作方法。
学习难点
能够根据不同的外贸情景，在规定的时间内完成写作，积累写作技巧，提高交际能力。
一、相关外贸知识建构
（一）思考：如何理解下面这句话？
Insurance cannot prevent accidental losses but can provide reimbursement for financial loss should the exporter’s shipments somehow fail to arrive or arrive intact.
国际贸易中，货物从卖方运送到买方手里，通常需要经历较长的航程和复杂的过程（仓储、装卸等等）。其间，货物很可能遭遇到各种风险，有时甚至会遭遇到损失。如果购买了保险，那么，在意外发生时，保险可以帮助当事方分担风险，降低损失。
购买保险需要支付费用，但支付这笔费用与一旦遭遇风险时所获得的补偿相比是值得的。目前，给货物投保已成为国际贸易惯例，是国际贸易不可或缺的重要组成部分。
（二）海洋运输险别（Coverage of Insurance）
1.海洋运输货物保险主要险别（Basic Risks）
①平安险（Free From Particular Average，简称F.P.A.）
②水渍险（With Particular Average，简称W.P.A.）
③一切险（All Risks）
2.一般附加险（General Additional Risks）
偷窃提货不着险（Theft，Pilferage and Non-delivery，简称T.P.N.D.）、淡水雨淋险（Fresh Water Rain Damage，简称F.W.R.D.）、短量险（Risk of Shortage）、混杂、玷污险（Risk of Intermixture & Contamination）、渗漏险（Risk of Leakage）、碰损、破碎险（Risk of Clash &Breakage）、串味险（Risk of Odour）、受热、受潮险（Damage Caused by Heating & Sweating）、钩损险（Hook Damage）、包装破裂险（Loss for Damage by Breakage of Packing）、锈损险（Risk of Rust）。
二、保险相关词汇准备
1.The insured：投保人，被保险人，受保人
In insurance business,it is one who pays the insurance company for the coverage of risks of the cargo.
2.The insurer （insurance company/underwriter）：保险人
It is the insurance company that agrees to make payment in case of loss or damage occurred to the insured.
3.Insurance policy：保险单
The insured and the insurer are bound by a contract known as the insurance policy.
4.Insurance amount：保额
5.Insurance premium：保险费
6.Rate of premium：保险费率
三、表示“投保”“办理保险”的常用句型
1.to insure/cover (sb.or sth.) with (insurance company) against (risks) for (sum of money) at (premium rate)
We have insured your order for 2,000 pairs of shoes with the PICC,Tianjin Branch,against All Risks and War Risk for 110% of the invoice value.
2.to cover/take out/effect/provide/arrange the insurance with (insurance company) on/for cargo/shipment/consignment/order/contract against (risks) for (an amount of money)
We have effected insurance on this consignment against All Risks and War Risk for USD2,000.
3.cover/insure for sb.goods or cover/insure sb.on goods.
Please insure for us (cover us on) the cargo listed.
四、相关信函撰写建构
（一）“买方要求变更投保事宜”函
对外贸易中，有些价格条件下（比如FOB，CFR 等），需要买方办理保险，但有时为了方便，买方要求卖方替自己办理保险事宜。
●模拟外贸情景Business Scenario
按照Order No.0718，买方所订购的1 500 套玻璃纤维洗脸盆是按照CFR 价格条件订购的。买方现在希望这批货物由卖方代其按照发票金额的110%投保一切险。卖方可以通过开立即期汇票的方式向买方收取所需保险费。
●明确撰写任务
买方去函给卖方Mr.John Lo，提出买方的保险要求，并希望能够得到他们的同意。
●撰写构思Planning
步骤1：确定写作目标（Identify the Objective）
提出要求（To Request）
步骤2：明确主题（Determine the Main Idea）
提出变更保险的要求
步骤3：选取支撑信息（Choose Supporting Information）
保险费通过即期汇票的方式由买方支付
步骤4：确定写作方法，组织整理材料（Determine the Writing Approach and Adjust the Message）
中性消息——“平铺直叙法”（Direct Approach）
●完成撰写
●总结“买方要求变更投保事宜函”撰写步骤（意义建构）
①提示合同、订单等（Mention the contract，goods，etc.）
We refer you to Contract No.…
Referring to…
With regard to (with reference to)…our contract…
②提出保险要求（Suggest the coverages of insurance）
As…we shall be glad if you…
As you know,we suggest…
Owing to…we would appreciate it if you…
③希望对方同意（Wish the reader to accept and ship the goods early）
We wish you can accommodate us in this respect.
We hope to receive your favorable reply.
●加深理解
（二）“卖方满足买方要求变更投保事宜”函
●模拟外贸情景Business Scenario
卖方收到买方要求卖方代为购买保险的信函后，经研究，同意买方的要求。
●明确撰写任务
卖方回复买方Mr.Ahmed Ashkar 如下：
①满足买方要求，并告知已按照要求为其购买了保险。
③告知买方货物将由“Tigris”号轮船于3月25日从伦敦运出，并预计于4月15日抵达巴林（Bahrain）。保险单、提单、商业发票以及60 天汇票等票据也已递交给Barminster Bank Ltd.，London，预计几天之内将会抵达买方。
●撰写构思Planning
步骤 1：确定写作目标（Identify the Objective）
提供信息（Provide Information）
步骤2：明确主题（Determine the Main Idea）
同意为买方购买保险
步骤3：选取支撑信息（Choose Supporting Information）
有关货物装运的信息
步骤4：确定写作方法，组织整理材料（Determine the Writing Approach and Adjust the Message）
好消息——“平铺直叙法”（Direct Approach）
●完成撰写
●总结“卖方满足买方要求变更投保事宜信函”撰写步骤（意义建构）
①说明已收到信函
②说明自己的意见（同意或不同意）及其理由
We agree to…
We want to make it clear that…
With regard to…we regret being unable to accept…
③其他事项（货物已发等）
●加深理解
注释
①fiberglass wash basins 玻璃纤维洗脸盆
Words,Expressions and Sentences
1.有关保险的一些搭配
insurance agent 保险代理人
insurance amount 保（险）额
insurance coverage 保险范围
insurance policy 保（险）单(https://www.xing528.com)
insurance premium 保（险）费
to arrange/cover/effect/provide/take out insurance 投保，洽办保险
2.insure v.保险，投保
（1）通常用作及物动词
①宾语一般为所投保的货物
Please insure the goods against All Risks and War Risk.
请将此货投保一切险和战争险。
②宾语为投保的险别
The insurance company here insures this risk with 5% franchise.
此家保险公司保此种险有5%的免赔率。
（2）有时也作不及物动词
Please insure against breakage.
请投保破碎险。
（3）有关insured 的常用搭配
insured amount（=insurance amount）保（险）额
insured cargo 或insured goods 投保的货物
the insured 被保险人
3.underwriter n.保险商
underwriter 与insurance company 及insurer 一般通用，但underwriter 主要指专保水险的保商。
underwrite v.保险
通常用作及物动词，宾语一般为险别。
Insurers here will not underwrite this risk.
此家保险商不承保这种险。
4.cover
（1）n.（保险业）保险
Does your policy provide adequate cover against breakage?
你们的保险单是否提供足够的玻璃险？
（2）v.保险，投保
及物动词，宾语可以是所保的货物、投保的险别或者insurance 和被保险人。
We shall cover the goods against All Risks.
我们将对此货投保一切险。
We shall cover All Risks and War Risk for you.
我们将为你方投保一切险和战争险。
Insurance is to be covered by the buyers.
保险应由买方办理。
This insurance policy covers us against breakage.
这份保单给我们保了破损险。
coverage n.保险范围
We want broader coverage to include some extraneous risks.
我们要较广泛的保险，包括一些附加险。
coverable adj.可投保的，可承保的
Please let us know the premium at which breakage is coverable by the insurers on your side.
请告知你处保险商承保破碎险的保费。
5.franchise n.免赔额（率）；特权，特许
This class of goods is sold with a franchise of 3%.
此类商品按免赔率3%出售。
This corporation has received a franchise from the Federal Government to deal in this kind of business.
该公司得到联邦政府特许经营此项业务。
6.Our quotation is on CIF basis.If you prefer to have the insurance to be covered at your end,please let us know so that we quote you CFR prices.
7.Underwriters decline to insure against inherent vice.
8.If you wish to secure protection against T.P.N.D.,it can be easily done upon the payment of an additional premium.
9.Buyer’s request for insurance to be covered up to the inland city can be accepted on condition that such extra premium is for buyer’s account.
10.In international trade,by transportation insurance we mean that the insured,who is usually the importer or the exporter,covers insurance on one or several lots of goods against certain risks for a certain insured amount with the insurer,i.e.the insurance company,at an agreed premium.
拓展训练
一、单项选择
1.Need we insure the shipment against Leakage Risk? Yes,you______.
A.must B.need C.should D.can
2.We will effect insurance______All Risks,______the value of the goods plus freight.
A.about,for B.for,of C.against,for D.of,for
3.The WPA covers______risks than the FPA.
A.less B.higher C.more D.fewer
4.Regarding insurance,the coverage is______110% of the invoice value up to the port of destination.
A.for B.at C.of D.on
5.The goods should also be insured against breakage______your cost.
A.in B.for C.on D.at
6.The premium rate depends______the nature of the goods and mode______transport.
A.on,of B.on,at C.from,at D.from,at
7.We have insured the shipment______130% of the invoice value,but the premium______the difference between 130% and 110% should be your account.
A.for,for B.at,at C.at,for D.for,at
8.The extra premium______by us.
A.will be born B.will be borne
C.will be taken D.will be undertaken
9.Please quote us your rate______the insurance coverage.
A.for B.at C.with D.against
10.The premium of the cargo is______the rate of 1.5% of the goods value you declare to insure.
A.for B.at C.in D.with
二、填空
1.If you wish to have the goods insured______All Risks,we can comply with your request.
2.Since the premium varies with the scope of______,extra premium is for buyer’s account,should additional risks be covered.
3.The premium is______the rate of 0.8% of the declared value against the risks you demanded.
4.Please cover insurance______the 200 metric tons of wool.
5.We regret to report the loss of whole shipment insured______PICC under the above policy.
三、英汉翻译
1.In the absence of your definite instructions we will cover your goods against W.P.A.and War Risk according to usual practice.
2.The extent of insurance is stipulated in the basic policy form and in the various risk clauses.
3.We would like to have the coverage of WPA,including the warehouse to warehouse clause with a valid period of 60 days.
4.Even if additional Risk of Breakage has been insured,the cover is subject to a franchise of 5%.
5.We enclose the policy for USD20,000 on wheat to be shipped by your steamer from New York to Shanghai.
四、汉英翻译
1.标题商品由卖方按发票金额110%投保一切险。
2.只要是在保险责任范围内，保险公司就应负责赔偿。
3.我方已注意到你们要求投保战争险，但是要知道我方CIF 报价只包括水渍险，因此，你方若想加保战争险，则增加的保险费由你方负担。
4.你们的保险单是否提供足够的破碎险？
5.因为保险费率随着保险的险别险种变化，如果要加保附加险，增加的保险费由买方承担。
五、模拟外贸情景写作实操：按照以下情景，完成有关投保的写作
你公司收到买方5月5日函，信中要求给17006 号订单项下的10 000 双各类尺码的时装女鞋投保，费用由买方承担。请回信给买方Mrs.Yeo，告知你方已根据中国人民保险公司1989年1月1日海洋货物运输条款（OMCC）给该批货物按发票金额的110%投保了一切险。保险单正在开列中，将在下周二寄出。
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