Building the High Efficiency Photo-voltaic System with Low Cost
太阳能利用比拼核心技术
Core Technology in the Utilization of Solar Energy
化石能源大规模的开发利用及城镇化效应，导致资源紧缺、环境污染、气候变化等全球性诸多难题。太阳能光伏发电作为新兴的清洁能源，具有能源分布广泛、节能减排效益明显等优势，已经发展成为节能减排的重点技术研发与应用推广领域。当前由于原先国内光伏行业准入壁垒低，企业无序扩张导致了低成本的同质化产品竞争，忽略了技术创新带动产品升级换代。因此，光伏行业必须不断推动成本下降，获取更有利于与传统能源竞争的电价，其中技术创新将起到至关重要的作用。上海将光伏产业发展重点落实在太阳能电池产业核心技术工艺及其服务方面，发挥在高效电池技术、光伏电极材料技术、高效组件技术、光伏检测技术与装备，系统集成技术等方面已具有的特色，以期获得竞争优势。未来将以低成本高效光伏系统为目标，依托“领跑者”等国家鼓励政策，驱动上网电价持续下调，以达到平价上网的最终目标。
The large-scale exploitation and utilization of fossil energy and the effect of urbanization have resulted in many global problems including resource shortage， environmental pollution and climate change. As a new kind of clean energy， solar photo-voltaic power generation has many advantages， such as energy widely distributed， more energy saving and emission reduction， etc.， and it has become the key technology development and application field of energy saving and emission reduction. At present， due to the low barriers to entry to the domestic photovoltaic industry， the company’s disorderly expansion led to a low-cost homogenization of product competition，ignoring the upgrading of products though technological innovation. Therefore， the photo-voltaic industry must continue to drive down costs and become more competitive in price than traditional electricity price， therefore technological innovation will play a vital role. The development of photo-voltaic industry in Shanghai focuses on the implementation of the core technology in the solar cell industry technology and displays its strengths in high efficiency solar cell technology， photo-voltaic electrode material technology， high efficiency componenttechnology， photo-voltaic detection technology and equipment， system integration technology and so on. In order to gain competitive advantages， the future goal is to have photo-voltaic system with low cost and high efficiency.So， relying on the “leader” and other incentive policies drives the electricity price to decline in order to achieve the ultimate goal of photo-voltaic parity.
高效电池技术
High Efficiency Battery Technology
实现光伏发电平价上网最有效的途径是提高单位面积的发电量，这就意味着必须进一步提高太阳能电池光电单位面积的发电能力，即光电转换效率。该技术采用具有少子寿命高、低衰减等优势的N型材料，作为可产业化高效电池的选择。以PERT电池结构为基础，实现双面发电功能，在相同正面功率下，实现背面发电功率增益10%以上、相同单位面积发电量增益10%以上及标准60片版型输出功率320瓦以上。
The most effective way to realize the photo-voltaic parity is to increase the power generation of each unit area，which means that we must further improve the solar cell photo-voltaic power generation capacity per unit area， that is， photoelectric conversion efficiency. The high efficiency solar cell technology uses N type substrate material which has many advantages such as long lifespan and low attenuation， an option to industrialize the high efficiency solar cell.Besides， the technology is based on the PERT cell structure， achieving the bifacial power generation. With the same power of positive side， the negative side can achieve power gain above 10% thus making over 10% power gain in the same unit area. So， 60 cell plates of standard model can produce more than 320 W power.
光伏电极材料技术
Photo-voltaic Electrode Material Technology
大高宽比光伏电池电极材料
Large aspect ratio photo-voltaic cell electrode material
采用大高宽比电极材料技术，降低单片晶硅电池正极材料耗量，从而进一步降低晶硅电池生产的非硅成本。首次提出了可与高方阻、低表面浓度晶硅电池制备工艺匹配的正面电极材料研发生产体系，实现了100千克/批次的稳定生产量。利用无网结正极材料技术，保持了较好的印刷性（EL）、较均匀的栅线形貌以及较高的高宽比，可有效改善断栅虚印等问题，使所印电池片转换效率比传统网版提升0.1%以上。同时，PERC电池用正极材料具有优异的接触性能配合优化的副栅线设计和形貌，可使电池效率提升0.2%以上。
Electrode material with high aspect ratio can reduce the consumption of cathode material in crystalline silicon photo-voltaic cell， thereby further cutting the non-silicon costs of production. For the first time， it has been proposed that the positive electrodematerial can match the preparation procedures of crystalline silicon photo-voltaic cell with high sheet resistance and low surface concentration， and also has achieved the stable production of 100 kg/batch. The non-junction positive electrode material is used to maintain high printability (EL)， uniform grid lines， and high aspect ratio，which can effectively improve the printing performance， the issue of broken grid lines and so on. Compared with the traditional type， the cell conversion efficiency has increased by over 0.1%. Meanwhile， the cathode material used on PERC cell with excellent contact performance， together with the optimization of the gridline design can increase the cell efficiency about 0.2% or more.
土耳其500兆瓦组件生产线
500 MW component production line of Turkey
高效组件技术
High Efficiency Component Technology
采用具有更低的银浆消耗量、更高的组件输出功率、更好的可靠性无主栅MBB组件技术。在组件生命周期内，无主栅组件可凭借更低的功率衰减与更长的使用寿命，同时具有降本和增效两方面的优势。
The busbar free MBB component technology is used with many advantages such as less consumption of silver paste， higher output power and better reliability. In the whole life cycle of component， busbar free components can have both the advantages of saving cost and improving efficiency by lower power attenuation and longer service lifespan.
光伏检测技术与装备
Photo-voltaic Detection Technology and Equipment(www.xing528.com)
在为行业提供光伏产品及系统检测服务的同时，还开展了一系列检测技术和装备的研发，如太阳能电池组件隐裂检测装置、热斑耐久试验装置、冰雹发射装置、机械载荷试验装置等。生产集成技术主要为客户提供自动化组件及电池片建厂规划，提供交钥匙式服务。
While providing photo-voltaic products and system testing services for the industry， the research and development of testing technology and equipment are also carried out such as solar cell module crack detection device， hot spot endurance tester， hail impact tester， mechanical load test device and so on. Manufacturing integration technology mainly provides customers with turnkey services on automatic components and plans for establishing the cell factory.
系统集成技术
System Integration Technology
光伏发电系统涉及发电端、输配电、负荷等环节，设计时应根据工程当地电网发展规划、建设地用电现状以及场地条件，全面评估和分析各类光伏组件安装方式的建筑集合度、发电效率和经济性等指标，进行组件排布、倾角设计、逆变器匹配、高低压配电柜选型等。
Photo-voltaic power generation system involves power terminal， transmission and distribution， load and other aspects. According to the local power grid development plan， electricity consumption status in construction sites and site conditions， comprehensively evaluate and analyze the construction aggregation，power generation efficiency and economy indexes of various types of PV modules installation， and then carry out the distribution of modules， dip angle design， inverter matching， and selection of high and low voltage power distribution cabinet， etc.
通过比较方案的技术和经济性，分析潮流运行合理性、电能质量及供电可靠性、系统稳定性及投资成本规模等多维度、多层面指标，设计多种类型的高效光伏发电系统并进行EPC电站建设，包括大型荒漠地面电站、高密多点接入的分布式光伏电站、光伏与建筑相结合的BIPV电站、聚光光伏电站、山地电站等。
Through the comparison of the technology and economic efficiency of the planning， the operation rationality，power quality and reliability， the stability of the system， the cost of investment and other multi-dimension and—level indexes should be analyzed to design and build various types of high efficiency photo-voltaic power generation systems and EPC station construction including large scale desert centralized power stations，distributed power stations with high density and multiple accesses， combined BIPV power stations of photovoltaic and building， concentrated solar power stations， power stations in mountainous region and so on.
通过采用高效光伏发电系统集成技术与EPC工程项目经验，已先后完成了独立电站、并网电站、联合建造电站800余座，建设了青海、西藏、新疆、甘肃、内蒙古等七省区“光明工程”、国家 863计划兆瓦级BIPV并网示范电站以及上海世博中心兆瓦级光伏电站等国内众多大型项目。编制了国家标准《光电一体化遮阳板》和行业标准《建筑用光伏遮阳构件通用技术条件》，为国内外光伏市场的开拓，光伏产业的长远发展提供助力。
With the integration technology for high efficiency photo-voltaic power generation systems and rich experience in EPC (Engineering Procurement Construction)， more than 800 PV power stations were established involving independent， grid-connected and joint-constructed power stations. We undertook our country’s “Bright Project” construction in more than seven provinces such as Qinghai， Tibet， Xinjiang， Gansu， and Inner Mongolia;finished the National 863 Program of megawatt BIPV grid-connected demonstration power stations， the MW level of photo-voltaic stations in Shanghai Expo Center and other domestic large projects. The establishment of the national standard Integrated Solar PV Panels and industry standard General Technical Conditions for Photovoltaic Shade Components of Construction provides help for the opening-up of domestic and international photovoltaic market， and drives the long-term development of photo-voltaic industry.
光伏检测装备，尤其是太阳能电池组件隐裂检测装置现已广泛应用于组件生产线和光伏系统现场检测中。2015年，独自设计并顺利完成了芬兰全自动化30兆瓦光伏组件生产线的建设，并在生产线中应用了完全自主研发的太阳能电池组件隐裂检测装置。
The photo-voltaic detection equipment， especially the solar cell module crack detection device has been widely used in the module production and the on-site detection of photo-voltaic systems. In 2015， we independently designed and successfully completed the construction of the fully automated 30 MW photo-voltaic module production lines in Finland， and applied the solar cell module crack detection device in the production lines which was completely researched and developed by our own.
开发的科技成果在“一带一路”的沿线国家已有转化，并积极开拓土耳其、欧美、巴西等海外市场，树立品牌形象。2016年12月，公司首个海外光伏工厂正式投入运行，土耳其工厂首块光伏组件顺利下线。作为国际化布局的重要一环，伊斯坦布尔在建工厂具备500兆瓦组件生产能力，这对于航天光伏国际化发展具有举足轻重的作用。
The scientific and technological achievements have transformed a lot in the countries involved in the “Belt and Road” Initiatives. The overseas markets in have positively opened up markets in Turkey， Europe， America，Brazil and other countries have been positively opened up to establish a brand in overseas countries， and have established a brand image. In December 2016， the company’s first overseas photo-voltaic factory was officially put into operation， the first piece of PV module successfully rolled off the assembly line in Turkey. As an important part of the globe factory layout， the factory in Istanbul has the ability to produce 500MW modules per year， which plays a pivotal role in the international development of aerospace photo-voltaic.
太阳能光伏发电作为新兴的清洁能源，具有能源分布广泛、节能减排效益明显等优势，成为节能减排的重点技术领域。据国际能源署（IEA）预测，2040年太阳能发电量将占总发电量的20%～28%。上海作为国际化大都市与科技创新中心，对光伏产业的发展具有举足轻重的作用。光伏检测技术的推广为光伏系统现场检测提供了高效、简便、低成本的检测方法，为光伏系统的评估提供了强有力的数据依据，对于光伏系统检测评估及规范的形成和开发具有重大的意义和广阔的前景。高效低成本的电池组件技术如N型双面电池、无主栅组件等技术水平达到国际领先水平，能够有效地降低光伏系统发电成本，助力光伏平价上网。同时随着国产正极材料的市场接受度的提高，国产正极材料终将取代进口品牌。针对此趋势，结合目前该技术相关产品性能在国内属于领先地位的优势，对于规模化的推广应用具有广阔的前景。光伏与建筑相结合的BIPV电站、山地电站、集中式荒漠电站、高密度多点接入的分布式电站、农光互补以及渔光互补等多种形态的示范推广将逐渐成为光伏应用的典范。
As a new clean energy， solar photo-voltaic power generation， which has obvious advantages such as a widerange of energy distribution， energy saving and emission reduction benefits， and becomes the focus of technologies for energy saving and emission reduction. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that in 2040 the total solar power generation will account for 20%～28% in the whole electric capacity. As an international metropolis and a center of， scientific and technological innovation， Shanghai plays an important role in the development of photo-voltaic industry. Promotion of photo-voltaic detection technology brings an on-site detection method with high efficiency， simple operation and low cost， and provides a strong data basis for the evaluation of the photovoltaic system. It is of great significance and broad prospects for the formation and development of the evaluation and regulations in the photo-voltaic system detection. The level of cell module technologies with high efficiency and low cost， such as N type bifacial solar cell and busbar free modules， has ranked the top of the world， which can effectively reduce the cost and help realize the photo-voltaic parity. At the same time， as the domestic cathode material is more accepted in the market， it will replace the imported brands. In view of this trend， and the leading role of the performance of related products， there is a broad prospect in large-scale promotion and application of this material. Various forms of demonstrations like BIPV power stations， power stations in mountainous region，desert centralized power stations， distributed power stations with high density and multiple accesses， photovoltaic agriculture， and photo-voltaic power stations at a fishery site will gradually become the models for photovoltaic applications.
上海太阳能工程技术研究中心兆瓦级BIPV光伏集成示范项目
Integrated demonstration project of Shanghai Solar Engineering Technology Research Center megawatt BIPV photo-voltaic
(Contributed by Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology，sorted by Du Kunjie， Li Qifen， etc.)
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