Traffic Information with Fingers
交通信息日趋网络智能化
More Connected and Smart Traffic Information Service
交通拥堵问题成为城市发展之觞。由于交通问题具有复杂性高、随机性强和受各种因素影响显著的特性，使得对总体、宏观交通问题的定量描述具有非常大的困难。以红、黄、绿三种颜色代表道路交通阻塞、拥挤和畅通三种状态的路况信息发布方式，在面向管理和应用的交通拥堵程度描述上仍有一些不足。为了帮助交通管理者和出行者进一步精细掌握每种状态下拥堵的量化程度，实现道路交通运行状态的量化评估，协助交通管理部门量化评估交通管控措施实施效果，使驾车出行者掌握出行路径和区域的道路交通拥堵分布和趋势，提出用交通状态指数来量化描述道路交通运行状态的方法，并在理论和应用层面对交通状态指数进行系统性研究，具有重要现实意义。
Traffic congestion has become one of the biggest obstacles in city development. It is very difficult to make a quantitative description of the overall and macroscopic traffic problems due to their complexity，randomness and susceptibility. There are still some deficiencies in the management and application of describing the degree of traffic congestion by releasing the information with three-color-red， yellow， greenon behalf of congested， crowded or smooth traffic state respectively. In order to help the traffic managers and the public to better understand the exact congestion severity under each state for conducting further quantitative evaluation on traffic states and on performance of countermeasures， and to offer better trip guidance of congestion distribution and tendency for drivers， it’s suggested to use traffic state index (TSI) for overall quantitative analysis of congestions. Systematic research on TSI is conducted in both theoretical and practical levels， which is very useful.
此外，目前上海市内环内建成高架60多公里，与市中心地面道路相连的下匝道有近50处，快速路成为城市交通主动脉，其出口匝道交通拥堵会造成快速路的整体性拥堵。在已有SCATS交叉口地面控制技术基础上，研究着眼于快速道路网、快速路与地面道路的衔接段、地面道路网三方面的协调联动控制，以缓解城市立体交通拥堵现状，具有重大的科技和社会意义。
In addition， Shanghai has built more than 60 km elevated road within inner ring， and nearly 50 off-ramps connected to surface roads in the downtown area. Freeway has become the traffic aorta of the city and the congestion on the ramp will cause overall congestion. Based on the existing SCATS intersection ground control technology， the research focuses on the coordinated and linked control of freeway network， ramps， and the surface road network to alleviate the current situation of urban traffic congestion， which is of scientific and social significance.
上海道路交通状态指数
Traffic State Index in Shanghai
道路交通状态指数基本模型、预测模型等核心算法。用于描述适用于不同层次城市道路路网（包括快速路、地面道路）、区域、路径、路段交通状态运行情况的交通状态指数，面向各种应用需求，构建了面向路网、区域、通道/走廊、路径等多空间维度和实时、时段、全天、全周、全月、全年等多时间维度相组合的道路交通状态指数模型，包含指数原形和应用评价模型，形成了能够完整描述多时空道路对象的交通状态指数模型体系。同时，为了建立决策过程信息支撑体系，研究形成面向城市路网区域交通拥堵态势评估及预报、预警和管理决策等多方面的多维度应用指标体系。从多层面研究交通状态指数分级原则，确定了从0到100阈值范围无量纲数值的拥堵程度评价标准。从时间维度、空间维度评价拥堵分布，并根据交通状态指数的变化情况评估拥堵发展趋势。
Here is the key algorithm of prototype and prediction model of road traffic state index. To calculate TSI of different road types， including urban expressway， surface city road， city blocks， single road and road sections，and to deal with various application requirements， a set of application models are built based on TSI prototype by multi-scopic factors， such as road network， blocks， passage way/corridor， routes， etc.， and multi-temporal factors by real-time， period of time， day， week， month and year. The multi-dimensional index calculation system is very useful for exact traffic description. Meanwhile， in order to establish the information support system of decisionmaking process， the multi-dimensional application index system is used to evaluate and forecast the congestion situation of urban road network. Based on the study of TSI grading， the degree of congestion from 0 to 100 could be valued， and the evaluation criteria are determined. Traffic congestion is analyzed for both time and space and a developing trend of congestion is evaluated according to the change of TSI.
交通状态指数动态路网划分和交通云图显示技术。传统的交通拥堵分析方法无法建立实时数据对分析结论的支撑和展示，通过城市路网区域进行动态划分技术，仅依靠于路网的地理结构以及某一段时间内路网的交通状态，能够根据短时间内的交通变化动态划分地图。然后，在动态地图划分的基础上，给出一种基于区域划分的交通状态指数计算方法，并在交通状态指数的基础上分析实际的交通状态变化情况，以此为基础的交通状态指数实时云图，更加动态直观地展示和支撑对地面路网的交通状态变化分析。
TSI dynamic partition of road network and traffic cloud map visualization technology. To overcome the shortcoming with which traditional method can hardly support the real-time data analysis， the dynamic partitiontechnology can automatically divide road network into small areas according to road characteristics and regional traffic state variations in a short period. Then TSI is calculated with traffic state parameter of each area. We have also come up with TSI cloud map by remodelling a heatmap to visualize real-time TSI for consecutive timespacial congestion analysis for the whole city in a more synchronous and direct way.
交通状态指数应用与发布技术。为支撑政府决策、管理、公众服务三个层面的交通状态指数应用需求，设计了基于交通指数的综合应用体系框架。建立了多时空交通状态指数与气象、经济、人口等宏观因素的中长期波动趋势的分析模型，并基于地面和高架道路交通状态指数差，判断入口匝道开关闭的控制点、控制时机和控制状态，支撑管理部门及时决策和响应。
TSI application and release technology. In order to meet three kinds of application needs including government decision-making， management and public service， the framework of comprehensive application system based on TSI is designed. The trend of fluctuation analysis is studied to unveil the relation between multiple time-space TSI and macroscopic factors such as meteorology， economy and population in both mid-term and long-term models. Also the TSI difference between an elevated road and its nearby surface road is used to choose the crucial position and time in controlling the relevant entrance ramp in order to support instant decisionmaking and quick response.
2012年2月1日(星期三)上午各时间点交通状态指数云图
TSI cloudmap on wednesday Feb.1st， 2012
区域交通控制与诱导
Regional Traffic Control and Induction
通过研究区域路网交通信息资源一体化集成与整合关键技术，构建跨部门、跨系统、跨路网的区域道路交通一体化信息管理平台，以“全局诱导、区域控制、协同联动、即时服务”为目标，实现区域内高速公路、快速路、地面道路交通信息的无缝集成以及与城市综合交通信息平台的互联互通。以嘉定新城智能交通系统工程为例，并在嘉定新城进行示范，提升示范区域内道路通行效率。
An integrated information management platform is built for regional road traffic， which involves different sectors， systems and road networks by studying the integration of traffic information resources and integrating key technologies. With the goal of “overall induction， regional control， collaborative communication， realtime service”， traffic information of the highway， expressway， and surface road is combined closely and urban comprehensive transport information platforms are connected. The technology has been applied to Jiading Intelligent Transportation System， and demonstrated in Jiading New City to enhance the efficiency of road passage.
关键技术研究了包括区域交通一体化信息平台构建与集成技术研究、基于多源（元）数据的区域交通状态预测与态势研判技术研究、面向多层次道路交通网络的区域调控与协同诱导技术研究、基于无线城市的动态交通信息服务技术研究。
The research on key technologies includes the construction and integration of regional traffic information platform， regional traffic status forecast and state judgment based on multi-source data， regional control and coinduction technology for multi-level road traffic network， and dynamic traffic information service technology based on the wireless city.
地面交叉口实时联动控制技术(www.xing528.com)
Real-time Linkage Control Technology of Surface Intersections
交通状态感知体系框架构建技术。通过对不同原理的各类交通检测器的调研，比较分析不同交通检测器的检测范围、检测参数等特性，以及检测器的使用条件、优缺点等因素，构建包含快速路匝道出口交通状态检测的立体交通状态感知体系。
Technology of traffic state perception system and framework. Through the research on the various types of traffic detectors， and by comparing the characteristics of different detectors’ ranges， parameters and working conditions， advantages and disadvantages， a three-dimensional traffic state perception system is built involving detecting the traffic states of ramps.
交叉口排队长度检测技术。提出了基于交叉口进口道排队长度的优化控制算法。本项目提出了两种排队检测原理，分别是基于标定式的视频检测手段与基于触发式的流量差检测手段，均能较好地满足控制优化算法对于交叉口进口道排队长度检测的需求。
Intersection queue length detection technology: An optimal control algorithm of the queuing length at the entrance is proposed. This algorithm’s detection can be satisfied by two kinds of queuing detection principles， the video calibration detection and trigger-based flow difference detection method.
车速检测技术。交叉口出口道车速检测是优化控制算法中对于排队长度数据输入的补充，用于辅助优化算法进行决策。该项技术主要用于采集位于交叉口出口道附近的车流速度，从而对出口道交通状态进行评估。该项技术采用预先埋设在路段的固定检测器，对优化控制区域的车流数据进行采集，与采用优化控制之前的数据进行对比，对基于交叉口排队长度采集的优化控制算法进行实际评估。
Car speed detection technology: Speed detection at intersections is a supplement to the queuing length data input in the optimization control algorithm， which can assist the algorithm to make the decision. This technology is mainly used to collect the traffic speed at the intersection area， so as to assess the traffic state of the exit road.Fixed detectors already embedded in the road section collect the traffic data of the optimized control area， and compare them with the previous ones so as to evaluate the real effect of the algorithm.
交叉口信号控制系统优化算法技术。旨在对检测器采集的交叉口各个进口道排队长度与各个出口道车速进行优化处理，对预设的优化方案进行选择，并与SCATS系统优化结果进行融合，从而达到对交叉口信号配时的进一步优化。
Optimal algorithm of intersection signal control system. It aims at optimizing the intersection’s queuing length and exit road’s traffic speed， choosing the preset optimization schemes and integrating with the optimization result of SCATS system， so as to further optimize the distribution time of intersection signals.
上海交通状态指数模型、交通状态指数指标体系已应用于上海市交警、路政等交通管理部门，可以对城市交通运行情况的总体判断和拥堵时空及变化状况的定量分析得出结论，为科学、有效地分析交通运行现状，及时快速地响应和处理交通拥堵起到重要支撑作用。交通状态指数还通过电台、政府网站等面向公众正式发布，普通出行者通过车载导航、手机APP“智行者”智能终端发布软件、公众微博等渠道都可以获得交通状态指数对交通状况的信息掌握，形成了良好的社会效益和公众影响力。成果得到的一套理论完整、技术创新、方法具体的城市交通状态指数系统，可为城市交通决策者和专业管理者提供完备的理论和实施参考。为各城市交通管理部门及时准确地制定宏观交通政策和突发事件交通保障应对措施，最大限度地发挥了交通设施的能力和综合利用效率，为进一步提升政府管理部门的交通管理决策能力和业务管理水平起到重要的支撑作用，目前，上海交通状态指数已经被长三角多个城市参考使用，具有重要的应用推广前景。
高架下匝道拥堵状况
Elevated off ramp congestion
信号优化交叉口现场
Signal optimization intersection field
研发的交叉口信号优化控制器
Research and development of signalized intersection optimization controller
The TSI model and system have already been applied in Shanghai traffic police， road administration and other traffic management departments. Quantitative analytic conclusions can be made including the overall judgment of the urban traffic operation， congestion time and space and trends， which support the scientific，effective analysis of traffic states， and the timely and rapid response to traffic congestion. TSI is also released to the public through the radio and government websites， which has grown in social effects and popularity now that drivers can get TSI information and traffic states through the car navigation， mobile APP “Smart Traveler”，and official micro-blog account. The urban TSI system， with theoretical integrity， technological innovation， and specific methods， can provide a complete theoretical and implementation reference for urban transport decision makers and professional managers， help the city traffic departments to make a timely and accurate macro-traffic policy and response to emergencies， which will make full use of transport facilities and improve comprehensive utilization efficiency， and further enhance the government ability of decision-making and management. At present， the Shanghai TSI has been applied in a number of cities in the Yangtze River Delta and will gain further popularization.
上海市交通拥堵指数app软件界面一
Shanghai traffic congestion index app software interface I
上海市交通拥堵指数app软件界面二
Shanghai Traffic State Index App
区域交通控制与诱导在嘉定新城智能交通系统示范工程中获得应用，实现区域内道路平均行程车速提高10%以上。该项目成果对未来中小城市智能交通系统的建设具有指导作用。
Regional traffic control and induction has been applied in the Jiading new city’s demonstration system of intelligent transportation， with the average traffic speed within the region rising by more than 10%. The fruits of the project will provide guidance to the building of intelligent transportation system for small and medium-sized cities in the future.
地面交叉口实时联动控制技术针对城市交叉口拥堵难题，提高了道路通行能力，改善了交通拥堵状况，提升了高架快速路道路与地面交叉口信号联动协调控制能力，达到了项目示范工程的设计目标。在淮海中路-重庆南路路口、延安路-华山路以及淮海路的马当路、淡水路、长乐路、雁荡路、成都路等相关路口区域进行技术应用示范，评价结果显示本项目研究成果应用效果良好，能有效缓解城市高架快速路与地面交通拥挤状况，具体评价结果如下：南北方向流量有所增加，平均增幅9.2%，最大增加10.8%；南北方向排队长度有所减少，平均减少5.6%，最大减少11.5%；路口地面停车延误减少7.5%，车速增加4.1%；匝道停车延误减少15.6%，车速增加8.6%；达到预期研究目标：实现高峰时段车辆行程车速提高5%以上。该项技术可推广至其他高架道路的近50个下匝道与地面道路相连的区域交通，对规模化的推广应用具有广阔的前景。
Aiming at the congestion problem of the urban intersection， real-time linkage control technology increases the traffic capacity， relieves the congestion， and improves the coordination and control of the elevated road and the surface intersection signal， thus finally achieving the design goal of the demonstration project. The results are tested in the intersections of Middle Huaihai Road-South Chongqing Road， Yan’an Road-Huashan Road，and Huaihai Road with Madang Road， Danshui Road， Changle Road， Yandang Road and Chengdu Road. The evaluation results prove that the technology functions well and can effectively relieve the congestion problem.The traffic flow in north-south direction increases by 9.2% at average， and the maximum by 10.8%; the queue length of the north-south direction decreases with the average reduction of 5.6%， the maximum reduction of 11.5%; parking delays in intersections decrease by 7.5% and the traffic speed increases by 4.1%; Parking delays in ramps decrease by 15.6% and the speed increases by 8.6%. The expected goals are achieved: the traffic speed in peak hours increases by over 5%. This technology can be extended to the linkage between other 50 ramps under elevated road and the surface road， whose large-scale application has broad prospects.
（上海市城乡建设和交通发展研究院等单位供稿，周建辉等整理）
(Contributed by Shanghai Urban and Rural Construction and Transportation Development Research Institute， sorted by Zhou Jianhui)
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