高效信息化管理公共交通服务——基于上海市道路公交网络的优化决策支持系统开发

Information Accurate to Minutes and Seconds

地面公共交通运营更靠谱

More Reliable Surface Public Transport Operation

基于我国城市交通公交优先发展战略，从推动上海市智能公共交通系统发展、提高公共交通信息化管理服务水平、通过信息化推动公共交通服务现代化建设，以上海市中心城区一条主要道路公交网络为对象，基于GIS等各种数字化处理技术，建立一套完整的系统模型，开发完成适应上海城市公共交通网络优化的决策支持系统。

Under the background of the prior development strategy of public transport of urban traffic in China， in order to promote the development of intelligent public transport system in Shanghai， improve the service of public transport information management， and promote the modernization of public transport service by informatization，various digital processing technologies like GIS， a complete system model， a supporting system adapt to the decision-making optimization of Shanghai public transport network， is developed on public transit network in a major road in the downtown area.

同时，以上海浦东城区一条主要道路公交调度为对象，开发完成适应于上海市公共交通基于灵活公交调度的快速发布示范系统，建立公交站牌信息发布系统，实现公交车辆到站、线路调整，突发事件等信息的实时发布，将传统的公交运作模式智能化、网络化和信息化。

At the same time， in a main road in Shanghai Pudong District， a rapid release demonstration system is developed to meet the flexible bus scheduling in Shanghai public transport. The information release system in bus stations is built to inform the arriving time， line adjustments， incidents and other information. The traditional model of bus operation becomes intelligent， connected and facilitated by IT.

网络优化决策支持系统

Network Optimal Decision Support System

结合上海市公交线网实际情况，研究基于综合评价方法的公交线网优化技术，建立了优化模型库和评价指标体系，为决策支持系统的建设提供基础。

Combined with the real situation of the public transportation network in Shanghai， optimization model base and evaluation system are built by studying public transit optimization technology based on comprehensive evaluation methods， which provide the basis for building a decision support system.

公交智能调度系统

Smart Bus Scheduling System

结合上海市公交营运实际情况，综合运用了计算机信息技术、无线通信技术、GPS技术、GIS技术，完成了涵盖公交营运调度主要环节的示范系统建设，并通过示范系统的稳定运行验证了系统的各项功能。

Based on the real situation of Shanghai’s bus operation， the demonstration system of bus operation scheduling is completed by making use of information technology， wireless communication technology， GPS and GIS technology. The stable performance proves the system’s functions.(www.xing528.com)

进行了公交智能调度系统智能扁平柔性数据流关键技术研究，包括高识别率客流采集技术研究、高可靠性定位技术研究、车载油量测量技术研究、海量数据扁平化柔性管理、挖掘和发布技术研究；进行了动态运行仿真智能调度关键技术，包括智能调度模型研究、仿真实现研究、枢纽站公交协同调度仿真研究、异常事件预案处理研究；进行了示范工程和标准规范研究，包括建立一个电子化、无纸化操作的综合智能公交调度系统，完成公交行业智能化调度系统与信息支撑平台的设计与建设技术标准、智能化调度的作业流程规范与智能化信息平台的操作标准、智能化调度系统的性能考核标准及效益评价体系。

The key technologies of intelligent flat and flexible data flow in public transportation intelligent scheduling system is developed， including passenger flow acquisition technology of high recognition rate， highly reliable positioning technology， vehicle fuel measurement technology， massive data flat and flexible management，acquisition and release technology. What’s more， dynamic operation simulation technology is investigated involving intelligent scheduling models， simulation realization， cooperative scheduling simulation of hub stations，and incident plans. The standards of designing and building the electronic， paperless operation system and the information release platform， operation processes， performance assessment and benefit evaluation are completed.

公交出行信息服务

Public Traffic Information Service

将集群调度系统与信息服务系统结合起来，完成了基于ADS的公交集中调度理论研究与信息服务系统关键技术研究；提出了自律+集中的公交集群调度框架体系和实现方案；研发了节能环保的太阳能供电的立杆式电子站牌和能显示多条线路运行情况的候车厅式站牌。

Based on ADS， centralized scheduling theory is combined with key information service technologies. Selfdisciplinary and centralized bus cluster scheduling framework and plans are put forward. The vertical solar electronic board and rolling word screen that can display the running information of several lines are developed.

地面公共交通网络优化决策支持系统成果已成功应用到实际运营中，公交线路趋于合理令公交资源获得充分利用，不仅提高了公交公司的效益，也更好地满足了出行者的需求，获得了“双赢”的成果。经过对55路、910路和147路的线路调整方案进行对比评价，线路调整后总体性能提高了5.6%；开发了地面公共交通网络优化决策支持系统，为地面公共交通运营过程中优化调整提供直接决策支持；结合上海市公交线网和运营实际，基于GIS平台完成了公交线网优化决策支持系统研发，系统界面友好、功能完善，在中山北路内环高架-杨树浦路-外滩-南浦大桥-南北高架围合区域作为试点进行总体评价，取得良好的实际效果。应用该系统制定该道路沿线公交站点布局、站距修正、线路走向、网络调整的规范性方案，在实证性调整时实现路段现有网络效率提高4%的目标。

The optimal decision support system of the public transport network has been successfully applied. Bus routes are more reasonable and public transport resources are brought to full play， which produce win-win situations， not only benefit the bus company but also better meet the needs of the public. After the line adjustment，the overall performances of line 55， 910 and 147 have been enhanced by 5.6%. The system is developed to provide direct support for decision-making during bus running processes. According to the real situations of Shanghai’s public transport network and operation， and based on the GIS platform， the system is developed with user-friendly interface and complete functions. It has successfully passed the tests in the area between Zhongshan North Highway， Yangshupu Road， the Bund， Nanpu Bridge and North-South highway， which corrects the layouts of bus stops along the road， distance between stations， bus routes and network， achieving the target of increasing the existing road network efficiency by 4% in empirical adjustment.

公交智能调度系统研制自主知识产权嵌入式车辆/车站密集客流采集设备，实现城市高架、停车场、高楼道路、短隧道（小于5公里）的准确定位，研制具有自主知识产权的车载油量仪，实现百亿巨量数据的管理、统计、查询；实现与市交通信息中心的公共交通数据共享，实现轨道交通和地面公交等多种出行方式的数据交互，实现对公交紧急预案编制、存储和管理，建立一个电子化、无纸化操作的综合智能公交调度系统，制定了《公共汽电车车辆车载设备技术要求》、《公共汽电车车辆电子识别设备数据交换技术要求》、《上海市公共汽（电）车枢纽站设计与建设标准》、《上海市公交停车、保养场设计与建设标准》、《公交运营生产系统管理标准》、《公交运营生产系统作业标准》、《公交运营生产系统技术标准》等7项标准，从满足行业管理、企业营运、市民出行三个层面用户的不同需求出发，规划了上海公交信息系统的框架，对进一步完善上海公交信息平台建设具有指导意义。

In the system， intensive passenger flow collection equipment embedded in vehicles and stations with independent intellectual property rights is developed to realize accurate positioning of highway， parking lots，buildings and roads， and short tunnels (less than 5 km).Vehicle fuel gauge is developed independently to achieve the management， statistics and query of tens of billions of data. The traffic data collected are shared with the city traffic information center. Data of different transportation ways like rail transit and bus are interacted.Public bus emergency plans are made， filed and managed to establish an electronic centralized intelligent bus scheduling system. Seven documents including Technical Requirements of Public Bus Equipment， TechnicalRequirements of Data Exchange in Public Bus’ Electric Identification Equipment， Standards for Shanghai Public Bus’ Hub Design and Construction， Standards for Shanghai Public Bus’ Parking Lot and Maintenance Depot Design and Construction， Standards for Shanghai Public Bus’ Production System Management， Standards for Shanghai Public Bus’ Production System Operation， and Standards for Shanghai Public Bus’ Production System Technology are released to meet three different levels of user needs——industry management， business operation，and public transportation. The framework of the Shanghai public transport information system is built， further improving the related platform.

基于车辆集中调度的公交出行信息服务推出“掌上公交”手机版查询平台，在上海浦东新区798路、961路、785路、787路等96条公交线路上安装了太阳能电子站牌，实现了示范工程里程37.5公里。研究成果在公交行业具有重大的示范价值与推广前景。

Based on the centralized bus scheduling information service， a query platform named“Pocket Bus” is launched through mobile phone. Solar electronic boards are installed at the stops of Line 798， Line 961， Line 785，Line 787 and Line 96 in Shanghai Pudong District， extending a demonstration mileage of 37.5 km. The research results are of significant demonstration value and promotion prospects in the public bus industry.

（上海久事公司和上海浦东新区公共交通有限公司等单位供稿，周建辉等整理）

(Contributed by Shanghai Jiushi Company and Shanghai Public Transport Group in Pudong District ， sorted by Zhou Jianhui)