现在完成时的使用方法及规则详解

A 篇章学习:朗读对话，回答问题

John: Tom, I have finished all my homework. Can we play football now?

Tom: Oh, I haven't finished mine.

John: What have you done?

Tom: I have cleaned my room.

John: That's great.

Tom: Have you cleaned your room?

John: No, I haven't. My mum has just cleaned my room.

Tom: OK.

John: I have called our friends. After you finish your homework, come and join us.

Tom: OK. I'll try my best.

B 语法聚焦1: 现在完成时的用法及构成

现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

基本结构：

主语+ have / has +动词的过去分词+ 宾语

练习1　请用have或has完成句子。

1 Jack _________ watched TV for 3 hours.

2 I _________ already found my pencil box.

3 They _________ just finished their homework.

4 The shop _________ closed since 6 pm.

C 语法聚焦2: 动词的过去分词

动词的过去分词变化规则可分为四种情况，具体变化如下：

小贴士

发音规律：

①-ed在清辅音音素后, 发音为/t/; 在浊辅音或元音音素后发音为/d/

例如：helped /helpt/， spelled /speld/, played /pleɪd/

②-ed在t / d后发音为/ɪd/例如：needed /ˈni:dɪd/, wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/

练习2　写出下列动词的过去分词。

1 start ________________

7 hope ________________

2 finish ________________

8 try ________________

3 wash ________________

9 phone ________________

4 plant ________________

10 listen ________________

5 like ________________

11 drop ________________(www.xing528.com)

6 look ________________

12 move ________________

练习3　请使用括号中单词的适当形式填空。

1 I have _________ my English homework already. (finish)

2 My grandpa has _________ Grace for ten years. (know)

3 The supermarket has been _________. (close)

4 It's 10 pm. She has finally _________ her project. (complete)

5 These boys have _________ French for two years. (study)

D 语法聚焦3:现在完成时的肯定和否定句式

现在完成时的结构：

肯定句： 主语+ have / has +动词的过去分词+ 宾语

否定句： 主语+ have / has + not +动词的过去分词+宾语

小贴士

haven't = have not

hasn't = has not

现在完成时常与already, never, yet, just, before, since 等时间状语连用。

练习4　请将下列句子变为否定句。

1 Danny has already finished her report.

_____________________________________________________________

2 Many villages have changed a lot.

_____________________________________________________________

3 They have solved this problem.

_____________________________________________________________

单元练习

练习5　单项选择。

1 ( ) The boy ______________ with his uncle since he was born.

A. have lived B. lives C. has lived

2 ( ) This is the best movie that he has ever ______________.

A. watch B. watches C. watched

3 ( ) I ______________ him before. Who is he?

A. haven't seen B. have seen C. have see

4 ( ) Mr. Li ______________ about twenty computers since last month.

A. has repair B. has repaired C. have repaired

5 ( ) He ______________ abroad for 30 years.

A. has been B. have been C. were

练习6　请将下面的中文翻译为英文。