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英语写作常见错误及改进

时间:2023-08-18 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:下面我们先来看几个例子,请找出并改正下列各句中的错误:If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend.Her father will start flicking the porch light.Then he will come out with a flashlight.My phone doesn't ring.Instead,a light on it blinks.The reason for this being that I am partially deaf.以上练习中都有不完整句的错误存在。以上学生的错误例句:For instance,when you see the pattern"I",if the teacher asks you what can you see.An uncultivated child may give you many different answers…

英语写作常见错误及改进

1.不完整句/句子片段

在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后。

下面我们先来看几个例子,请找出并改正下列各句中的错误

(1)If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend.Her father will start flicking the porch light.Then he will come out with a flashlight.

(2)My phone doesn't ring.Instead,a light on it blinks.The reason for this being that I am partially deaf.

以上练习中都有不完整句的错误存在。

再如:There are many ways to know the society.For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.

本句后半部分"for example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on."不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。应改为:There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper.

再如:For instance,when you see the pattern"I",if the teacher asks you what can you see.An uncultivated child may give you many different answers...

之所以称这一类型的错误句子为不完整句或者句子片段,是因为它们要么缺主语,要么缺谓语动词,总之不完整;还有一些甚至只是一个状语从句或者短语),亦即只是句子的一个部分,因此叫句子片段。英语中每一个完整的句子都有一个主语和一个谓语动词并且要表达一个完整的意思。缺少主语或谓语动词的或者不能表达一个完整的意思的句子都称为不完整的句子。以上学生的错误例句:For instance,when you see the pattern"I",if the teacher asks you what can you see.An uncultivated child may give you many different answers…问题在于when和if两个从属连词引导的从句被看成了完整的句子,事实上整个句子还缺乏一个主句,建议补充一个主句,改为:For instance,when you see the pattern"I"and the teacher asks you what you can see,what will you say?An uncultivated child may give many different answers...通常学生在四种情况下会写出不完整句:

(1)使用从属连词时如文章起始练习部分的第一个句子就属于是这种错误,纠正这种错误的方法可以是将不完整的从句与前面或后面的主句合并成一个句子,如:If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend,her father will start flicking the porch light.Then he will come out with a flash light.这时要注意的是,当从句在前时,应在从句和主句之间加逗号。还有一种方法是将不完整句中的从属连词去掉,然后重新改写整个句子,如:Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boy friend and her father starts flicking the porch light.Then he comes out with a flash light.

(2)使用-ing和to的结构时如练习中第二、第三个句子:My phone doesn't ring.Instead,a light on it blinks.The reason for this being that I am partially deaf./To get to the bus station from here.You have to walk two blocks out of your way.The sidewalk is torn up because of construction work.这些错误的句子可以采用不同的方法来改正:①可以将不完整的成分与主句合并在一起,如:To get to the bus station from here,you have to walk two blocks out of your way.The sidewalk is torn up because of construction work.注意当不完整的结构出现在主句之前时,应该用逗号将它们与主句连接起来;②可以给不完整的部分增加主语并将动词从-ing形式变为正确的形式,如果错误的部分有主语,只是动词被错用为非谓语动词形式,即动词的分词形式和不定式形式,那么只要将它变为谓语动词的形式就行,如being变成谓语动词的形式就是am,is,are,was,were,以上错误例句就可以改为:My phone doesn't ring.Instead,a light on it blinks.The reason for this is that I am partially deaf.

(3)增加细节时通常容易出错的词和短语有:also,especially,except,for example,like,including,such as等,如以上练习中第四个句子:Before a race,I eat starchy foods.Such as bread and spaghetti.再举两个典型的例子:Bob is taking a night course in auto mechanics.Also,one in plumbing./Mike keeps several pets in his room.Including a snake and a spider.这些句子中用such as,also,including等,原本是想作进一步或者补充说明的,但是这些词和短语所引导的只是一些名词性短语,不能独立成为句子。建议改正的方法可以是:

①将不完整的成分直接与前面的主句黏合在一起,如:Before a race,I eat starchy foods such as bread and spaghetti.

②给不完整的成分加上主语和谓语动词使之完整,如:Bob is taking a night course in auto mechanics.Also,he is taking one in plumbing.

③将这一不完整的成分插入之前的句子中,如:Mike keeps several pets,including a snake and a spider,in his room.这里要注意,当不完整的成分被插入到句子中间时,应在这一成分前后加逗号与主句隔开。

当然,当以上这些容易出错的词或短语后面跟的成分本身是完整的句子,就可以用句号与前后的句子连接,如:Mike has ever kept different kinds of pets.For example,last year he had a snake.

④缺失主语,如练习中的第五个句子:Most people love getting birthday presents.But hate writing thank-you notes.对于这种错误的句子,我们可以:直接将缺失主语的不完整成分和前面完整的句子黏合在一起,如:Most people love getting birthday presents but hate writing thank-you notes.或者将缺失的主语补上,如:Most people love getting birthday presents.But they hate writing thank you notes.

以上四种不完整句/句子片段在学生习作中最常见的是第一和第三种情况,即从属连词的使用会导致出错和增加细节进行说明时也容易出错。因此,在这两种情况下要特别谨慎以免出错。

2.串句

例如:I stared at the dark blue sky with stars shining like diamonds,I felt the breeze softly kissing my cheek&I heard the pigeons flying back home.现对这两种常见的错误进行评析。

串句的一种Comma Splices在中国学生的英语写作中最常见。因为受到汉语中逗号用法的影响,在进行英语写作时,当一个句子中一套主谓结构已完整而意思上还与下一句连贯时,学生就习惯性地使用逗号而非句号或分号来粘连两个独立的句子,因此,这种错误就叫作逗号粘连(Comma Splices)。然而在英语中,当一套主谓结构已完整时,必须用句号、分号、感叹号或问号来与后面的句子相连接,绝不能用逗号。下面举一个简单的例子来说明,汉语句子为“今天下午我没课,有个讲座,我就去听了。”英语的表述为“This afternoon I didn't have any class;there was a lecture,so I at tended it.”其中,有三个完整的主谓结构,以分号和逗号加并列连词来断开,若全部只用逗号就成为串句了。以上学生的错误例句:I stared at the dark blue sky with stars shining like diamonds,I felt the breeze softly kissing my cheek&I heard the pigeons flying back home.问题也在于逗号被用来断开两个完整的句子。建议改为:I stared at the dark blue sky with stars shining like diamonds,felt the breeze softly kissing my cheek,and heard the pigeons flying back home.本文起始练习部分的第六个句子也是一个串句:I dread going to parties,however,my husband loves meeting new people.这个句子中出现了一个词however,因此我们有必要再来看看第2期提到的一个需要特别注意的问题,就是一些最常见的过渡词的用法,这些过渡词也称为连接性副词,最常见的有however,instead,therefore,nevertheless,meanwhile,otherwise,indeed,also,moreover,furthermore,thus,consequently以及几个用法相同的词组如on the other hand,in addition,as a result等等,通常它们的用法是在其前用分号在其后用逗号。因此以上错句可以改为:I dread going to parties;however,my husband loves meeting new people.

另一种形式的串句Fused Sentences就是在两个完整的句子之间根本没有用任何标点符号来连接,而是完全熔合在一起,因此也称为熔合句(Fused Sentences),如练习中第七个句子:Mario told everyone in the room to be quiet his favorite show was on.这个句子可以改为:Mario told everyone in the room to be quiet,for his favorite show was on.熔合句在学生的习作中并非常见的错误,因为在一个句子写完整之后他们有意识给句子加标点,只是对于该用什么标点符号,不是很有把握,容易出错。

串句的修改方法通常有三种,一是用逗号断开两个完整的句子但是要用一个并列或从属连词来连接;二是用一个分号将两个完整的句子断开;三是用分号加连接性副词加逗号的方式将两个完整的句子断开。比如下面这句串句就可以用不同的方法来修改:

During the rainy season more water flows over Victoria Falls than over any other falls in the world,several other falls are higher than Victoria.

(1)During the rainy season more water flows over Victoria Falls than over any other falls in the world,but/although several other falls are higher than Victoria.

(2)During the rainy season more water flows over Victoria Falls than over any other falls in the world;several other falls are higher than Victoria.

(3)During the rainy season more water flows over Victoria Falls than over any other falls in the world;however,several other falls are higher than Victoria.当然,还有一种方法是在两个句子之间加句号,不过这是最不可取的方法,因为加句号无法像其他方法那样反映出两个句子的关系。

3.主谓不一致

(1)主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。

①语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。

②意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。

③就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。

(2)主谓不一致常见的原因

主谓一致是英语写作中最常预见的问题之一,也是困扰广高职生的一大心病。然而,最令人头痛的不是不知如何才能让主谓一致,而是我们的学生在写作时根本没有意识到主谓是需要一致的。换言之,多数考生在写出主谓不一致的句子之时根本没有意识到写出来的这句话是错误的。

造成这种情况的原因及主要对策主要可以归结为以下三点:

一是,英汉两种语言的思维差异造成英语学习过程中的“无语法意识”或是“语法意识淡漠”的现象。这种不重视英语语法体系的习惯必然会导致“单词大联盟”的局面。严格地说,汉语的语法与其说是“规则”不如说是“词汇”。无论什么样的语法,词以及词在句子中的位置就能反映出来。而且,从汉字本身来看,每个字的形状都是固定的,既不能加圈,也不能少点儿。而英语就大不一样,每个单词里所包含的字母及其顺序在单词表或是字典的词条中是一定的,一旦放到句子当中一系列的规则就能够左右它最终的面貌。就拿中国人最喜欢的一句话:“你吃了吗?”来说,只要曾经学过:“你、吃、了、吗”这几个汉字,再把它们按正确的顺序放在一起就是一句话。但是如果换成英语的话,“吃”和“你”之间的关系;“了”对应的时态;“吗”代表的疑问句语序都是值得我们考虑的。所以,习惯了汉语的随意风格,写英语句子必然会忽视“语法”这一说。“主谓一致”必然会被忽视。

因此,重视英汉两种语言形式上的差异,不断提醒自己语法规则在汉英转换当中的作用是解决主谓一致问题的根本。

二是,复杂结构和长主语的干扰作用。句子的结构一旦复杂,构成主语的单词一多,写谓语的时候主语就很容易被忽视而造成主谓不一致的现象。

4.悬垂修饰语

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。

例如:At the age of ten,my grandfather died.这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时,但没有说明“谁”十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了。

改为:When I was ten,my grandfather died.

例:To do well in college,good grades are essential.

剖析:句中不定式短语“to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚。

改为:To do well in college,a student needs good grades.

在一个英语句子中,一个修饰语具体修饰哪一个成分必须是清楚而准确的,当某一个修饰语找不到它所修饰的对象时,就成了一个悬垂修饰语,通常容易出现悬垂状态的都是状语,尤其是句首的分词短语,如:Crossing the bridge,our beautiful campus came in sight.这个句子中Crossing the bridge这个伴随状语在句中找不到它所修饰的成分,就是一个悬垂状语,可以改正为Crossing the bridge,we saw our beautiful campus.或When we crossed the bridge,our beautiful campus came in sight.

悬垂修饰语在学生作文中经常出现的一个很重要原因就是受汉语的影响,在汉语里我们可以有这样的句子“一觉醒来,天都亮了。”于是有的学生就会写出这样的英文句子"Waking up,the day had broken."而这是典型的悬垂状语句,在这样的句子中,状语从句采用伴随状语的形式是有条件的,那就是伴随状语的逻辑主语和主句的主语必须是同一个人或事物。如果不是,状语从句中的逻辑主语就必须出现,以上句子可改为:When I woke up,the day had broken.当然,另外还有一种修改方法就是将主句的主语和从句的主语统一,按照这个方法刚才的句子也可以改为:Waking up,I found the day had broken.省略型的状语从句也是如此,只有当状语从句和主句的主语一致时,才能省略状语从句中的主语和助动词,如:While the farmer was crossing the bridge,he saw a fisherman was fishing under the bridge.可以省略为:While crossing the bridge,the farmer saw a fisherman was fishing under the bridge.但如果原句是:While the farmer was crossing the bridge,a fisherman was fishing under the bridge.就不能采用省略句:While crossing the bridge,a fisherman was fishing under the bridge.这样就成了一个悬垂状语从句,cross这个动词找不到逻辑主语。所以,在使用省略型的状语从句以及伴随状语时要谨慎,因为这两种结构很容易导致悬垂状语。

5.错置修饰语

英语中后置修饰语的位置应该是紧跟在它所修饰的成分之后,或者有的情况下可以干脆将修饰语位于句首,这样也可以避免修饰错误。以上学生的错误例句“Last but not least,we can get good preparation for our future life in the university.”问题在于in the university这个修饰语所修饰的对象出了错,学生当时的作文写的是高职的学习和生活对于将来的工作和生活的影响,而这个句子如果从表面上看,意思似乎应该是“高职的学习”对于将来在高职里的学习生活将是一种很好的准备。这个句子中in the university这个定语对our future life加以修饰和限定了,而事实上,根据学生整篇文章的意思,这个修饰语修饰的成分应该是谓语动词词组get good preparations,因此这个学生原本的意思用英语来表达就应该是...in the university we can get good preparations for our future life,这样才和全文的意思相一致。再来看:George couldn't drive to work in his small sports car with a broken leg.其中就有一个错置的修饰语with a broken leg。这个修饰语实际上修饰的是George,但是当它位于car之后就仿佛是在修饰car,这样意思上就不通了。因此,建议将这个错置的修饰语放到句首:With a broken leg,George couldn't drive to work in his small sports car.这样的句子在语法和意思上都能成立。

还有的错置在修饰语出现在句子中间,那样它既可以修饰出现在它前面的某个成分也可以修饰出现在它后面的某个成分,这就会导致意思上的模棱两可,如:Students who study often get good grades.这个句子就出现了两个意思:Students who study get good grades often.或者是:Students who often study get good grades.问题全在于often这个词的位置没有放正确。遇到这样的情况,就要把修饰语放在一个比较安全不容易出错的地方,要么放在前一个动词之前,要么放在后一个动词之后。通常放在句首的修饰语是不容易出错的,因此,句首是一个安全的地方,如:Often,students who study get good grades.这样句子就不会有歧义。

另外,还有几个词在学生的作文中容易被放错位置,它们是only,nearly,almost。这又是受到汉语表达习惯的影响,比如说,汉语可以说“我只吃了一个苹果”来表示没吃别的东西,用英语应该说“I ate only one apple”,而不能说“I only ate one apple”,因为后一个英语句子的意思已经改变了。在这个句子中only这个词所强调的不是“一个苹果”而是“吃”,那么,它的隐含意思可以是“我只是吃了一个苹果,我没有再带走一个。”所以,像only,nearly,almost等副词要紧贴在它们所修饰的词前面,否则就容易出错。

6.错误的排比

这一类型的错误句子也叫不平衡句。排比结构通常能够增强句子的气势和美感,但是当这种结构出错时,就成了不平衡句,比如:The old gentleman is wise,humorous and with energy.这就是一个不平衡句,虽然没有大的语法错误,但是结构不平衡,读起来不通顺,没有节奏感。如果把它改动一下就能达到排比的效果:The old gentleman is wise,humorous and energetic.这样的句子就具有节奏感和气势。

英语中有一些关联词组如:

both...and…,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,whether…or…,more…than…等,在它们后面应该用平衡的句子成分,比如:His father is both a businessman and a writer./On weekends students can either go home or stay at school.假如这些关联词组后面跟的句子成分不平衡,句子就不会那么通顺或具有节奏感了,如:His father is both a businessman and has written several books.

以上学生的错误例句“It's far more comfortable than those who had to stand for hours.”问题就在于没有在more…than…这个关联词组后面使用平衡的结构,在保留句子原来意思的前提下,这个错误的排比句可以改为:It's far more comfortable to there than to stand there for hours.类似的错误在我们中国学生的习作中很常见,因为这也是受到中文表达习惯的影响,比如我们可以说“小张的房子和小陈的一样大”,但是英语句子“Zhang's apartment is as spacious as Chen.”是个错误的排比句,正确的说法应该是“Zhang's apartment is as spacious as Chen's(apartment).”

此外,在学生的习作中还经常会出现:首字母大写、数字的写法、标点符号、人称代词等方面的错误:

(1)首字母大写在英语中通常需要大写首字母的是:句子的第一个单词、人名、地名、星期、月份、节假日、商品名称、机构名称、书刊报纸文章名等等。能够并且需要大写首字母的词类为名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词以及从属连词,也就是说其他几类词如冠词介词、并列连词不用大写首字母,除非它是书刊报纸文章名的第一个词,如:A Brief In troduction to African History。(www.xing528.com)

(2)数字的写法英语中数字的写法有几条简单的规则,即:100以下的数字用拼写,100以上写成阿拉伯数字;在一个句子或者段落中出现了100以上的数字,那么为了保持一致,其他数字也都可以写成阿拉伯数字;在写日期、时间、地址等等的时候用阿拉伯数字。

(3)标点符号上一期讲到滥用逗号会造成串句,而有些地方却容易遗漏逗号,也会造成错误,比如当有些充当状语的副词或副词性短语位于句首时,就需要用逗号将其与句子的主体部分分开,如:Obviously,this is not my hand writing.英语中的撇号是汉语中没有的,有时就容易被遗漏,因此对于撇号的使用也要特别小心。

(4)人称代词变换代词是用来代替名词的,它在数上要和它所替代的名词保持一致,这一点非常简单容易做到,只是碰到不定代词everyone,everybody以及no one时要稍加注意,可以用his or her等来避免性别歧视,也可以用复数代词they,their,them等。还有一个更加重要也是经常出现的问题是,有些学生在写作过程中会将代词在第一人称第二人称以及第三人称之间随意变换,这样就造成了一类常见的错误即代词的人称指代错误,例如:In my spare time I often go swimming for it helps strengthen your body.在这个句子中很明显有一个代词在人称上发生了错误,your body应该改为my body。

作为学生,在英语写作中要避免犯这些错误,最重要的是要提高英语语言能力,对英语的句子特征要非常熟悉,写作时不受汉语思维的干扰,同时态度要认真谦虚,这样才能不犯粗心大意的错误。只有在写出正确的句子之后才有可能写出好句子,从而写出好文章,所以说正确的句子是基础。

下面来看一个练习:

①Being a waitress is an often underrated job.②A waitress needs the tact of a diplomat,she must be as organized as a business executive,and the ability of an acrobat.③Serving as the link between customers and kitchen,the most demanding diners must be satisfied and the often-temperamental kitchen help must be kept tamed.④Both groups tend to blame the waitress whenever anything goes wrong.⑤Somehow,she is held responsible by the customer for any delay(even if it’s the kitchens fault),for an overcooked steak,or for an unavailable dessert.⑥While the kitchen automatically blames her for the diners who change their orders or return those burned steaks.⑦In addition she must simultaneously keep straight who ordered what at each table,who is yelling for the check,and whether the new arrivals want cocktails or not.⑧She must be sure empty tables are cleared,everyone has refills of coffee,and no one is scowling because a request for more rolls are going unheard.⑨Finally the waitress must travel a hazardous route between the busy kitchen and the crowded dining room;she has to dodge a diners leg in the aisle or a swinging kitchen door.⑩And you must do this while balancing a tray heaped with steaming platters,1○The hardest task of tile waitress,though,is trying to maintain a decent imitation of a smile on her face—most of the time.

在这个段落中共有10处错误。

第一个错误是出现在第2句中的不平衡句,原句的she must be as organized as a business executive与其前后的the tact of a diplomat,the ability of an acrobat不能构成平行结构,可以根据意思将其改为the efficiency of a business executive。

第二个错误是一个悬垂修饰语,出现在第3句的开头,serving as the link between customers and kitchen的逻辑主语是waitress,故将原句的主语都改为she。

第三个错误是遗漏了撇号,原句中需要这个撇号来表示属格。

第四个错误是不完整句,原句While the kitchen automatically blames her for the diners who change their orders or return those burned steaks是一个由连词while引导的不完整句,可以将它与前面的一句合并为一个句子。

第五个错误是遗漏了逗号,原句中的状语in addition必须用逗号与其后的句子主体分开。

第六个错误是主谓不一致,原文because引导的从句中主语中心词是are quest,因此are必须改为is。

第七个错误与第五个错误性质相同。

第八个错误是一个串句,原文中Finally the waitress must travel a hazardous route between the busy kitchen and the crowded dining room;she has to dodge a diners leg in the aisle or a swinging kitchen door.都是完整的句子,故不能只用逗号连接,可以通过添加关系副词将两个句子合并为一句。

第九个错误与第三个错误性质相同。

第十个错误是代词的人称出错,文章其他地方都是用she来指代waitress,所以,此处也应该是she。

7.修饰语错位

英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解。

例如:I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末。

8.词性误用

“词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。

例:None can negative the importance of money.

剖析:negative系形容词,误作动词。

改为:None can deny the importance of money.

9.指代不清

指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句:

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘)

读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为:

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

例:And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

剖析:句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。

改为:We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

10.不间断句子

什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。

例:There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:

“There are many ways.”以及“We get to know the outside world.”简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

改为:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.

或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.

11.措辞毛病

Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。

例:The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution(.农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)

剖析:显然,考生把obstacle“s障碍”,“障碍物”误作substanc“e物质”了。另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。

改为:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

12.累赘

言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词,写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组,能用词组的不用从句或句子。如:

In spite of the fact that he is lazy,I like him.

本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:In spite of his laziness,I like him.

例:For the people who are diligent and kind,money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.

剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。

改为:Diligent,caring people use money only to buy what they need.

13.不连贯

不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。

例:The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.

剖析:The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯。It与things在数方面不一致。

改为:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

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