受市场和各国政策影响,当前光伏产业发展速度放缓,但作为一种洁净的新能源,其发展前景仍然是充满希望,尤其是高效率、低成本、环境友好的太阳电池。未来光伏应用趋向多样性、灵活性,这为薄膜太阳电池尤其是化合物薄膜电池提供了一个很好的发展机遇,因为CIGS和CdTe薄膜太阳电池具有可与晶体硅电池竞争的成本、可靠性高、光电转换效率高、稳定性好、能量回收期(energy pay back time)短、组件应用多样性等优势。但同时也面临着很大的挑战,对于一些科学问题缺少充分的理解,工艺技术有待创新改进,主要包括:虽然化合物薄膜电池稳定性较好,但是也存在性能衰减现象,需要深入理解电池和原型组件的衰减机理;CdTe和CIGS太阳电池对水汽的敏感性不同,如金属接触电极的氧化、ZnO性质的改变,需要新型封装材料;化合物薄膜电池所需要稀有材料如铟、碲等的储量有限,急需开发新材料和新工艺;规模化生产需要高额投资在大型高端装备方面,国产化装备性能有待快速提升。科研机构和产业界有必要联合起来共同努力,以提高太阳电池的效率、优化性能、降低成本,从而推动我国薄膜光伏市场的健康成长与壮大。
作者感谢柳效辉博士在本章写作过程中的协助。
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