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中缅印抗战生命线:印度物资转运

时间:2023-10-12 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:驼峰航线西部的起点是印度的阿萨姆邦的迪布鲁嘎机场,这个机场的启用是适应滇缅公路被日军切断之后的物资运输需求。从阿萨姆运来的物资有发动机、子弹和卡车,还有牙膏 One night's haul over Hump filled this China air depot.Freight from Assam included motors, bullets,trucks,toothpaste.炮弹被运上飞机。所有的物资都是按照运往的目的

中缅印抗战生命线:印度物资转运

驼峰航线西部的起点是印度的阿萨姆邦的迪布鲁嘎机场,这个机场的启用是适应滇缅公路被日军切断之后的物资运输需求。之前使用的是印度的汀江(Dinjan)机场。随着形势的变化,中美英盟军于1942 年5月之后,先后在印度兴建了贾布尔(Chabual)、苏克瑞丁(Sookerating)、贾哈特(Jorhat)、太子普尔(Tezpur)、萨迪亚(Sadiya)、迪布鲁嘎(Dibrugarh)等机场。

泰姬陵,为纪念印度莫卧儿帝国一名皇妃而建,离卡拉奇4 个小时的路程
The Taj Mahal, memorial to an Indian princes's wife,was seen four hours out of Karachi, and was always circled by pilots to let passengers view it.

从加尔各答出发的“海驴”在内海航运线上航行
"Sea Mules" at work on the barge line from Calcutta.

在加尔各答卸载医疗物资(1944)
Unloading medical supplies at Calcutta(1944).

两名美国大兵监督印度当地民工在即将装上飞机的轮胎上工作。右上角的标志写着这些轮胎将要运往的地方:中国沿海
Native Indian laborers supervised by two GI's,worked on tires soon to be loaded into a plane.Sign at upper right marked destination:Yankai, China.

印度阿萨姆邦谷的这个机场,是飞越驼峰到达昆明的一个起飞地点。尽管这是一个重要的大机场,军需补给在这里集中,但是从照片中可以看出,这个机场与其他战区的机场相比仍然是比较小的。尽管美国陆军航空运输总队的运输机以最快的速度不停地飞,每月也只能运输大约15000 吨物资到中国
An airfield in the Assam Valley of India was one of the take-off places for the dangerous flight across the Hump to Kunming in China. Although this was a big,important field, supplies collected here,as shown in this picture,were small compared to other fields in other theaters.Working at top speed,the ATC was only able to fly roughly 15,000 tons a month to China.

在阿萨姆邦谷的盟军机场附近一个铁路补给卸货站,印度劳工正在把汽油桶滚出货车厢。有些货车厢是美国制造,其他的是孟加拉和阿萨姆铁路原来就有的
At a railhead near Allied airfield in the Assam Valley,Indian laborers rolled gasoline drums out of freight cars.Some cars were American-built.Others were old stock of Bengal and Assam Railway.

孟加拉—阿萨姆铁路上的火车机车
Locomotive on the Bengal & Assam Railroad.

当高辛烷值航空汽油被倒出后,汽油桶被集中到阿萨姆邦谷的机场边缘。一架运输机飞一次驼峰航线就需要用好几个50 加仑汽油桶的汽油,每一个汽油桶的油都要单独抽出来。这些汽油桶与空运到中国供陈纳德的第十四航空队的汽油桶尺寸一样
Gasoline drums were massed at the edge of the airfields in the Assam Valley after being drained of 100-octane aviation fuel.To service just one transport for its trip over the Hump took several of these 50 gallon drums, each of which must be pumped out individually.They were the same size as those flown to China to supply the only gas Chennault's Fourteenth Air Force received.(www.xing528.com)

汽车就在机场旁边被重新组装起来。这些物资很多都是通过海上运到印度,然后用飞机运过驼峰。远处是灰泥棚屋,里面有军官的营房,还有食堂和指挥部
Re-assembling trucks was done at the very edge of the field. Many such supplies reached India by sea,then were flown over the Hump. In back were mud-plaster which shacked house officers, mess halls and headquarters.

飞机运输一个晚上就把这个货场全部塞满了。从阿萨姆运来的物资有发动机子弹卡车,还有牙膏
One night's haul over Hump filled this China air depot.Freight from Assam included motors, bullets,trucks,toothpaste.

炮弹被运上飞机。近处是弹药和弹药筒。所有的物资都是按照运往的目的地堆放,此处是要运往云南驿的物资
Gun shells were carried to a waiting plane;in the foreground were cartridges and powder.All material was stacked according to destination;here it was Yunnanyi.

写着“易燃物品”和“禁止吸烟”的警示牌
Sign warning that gas is " Hot Stuff" so No Smoking.

航空燃料通过驼峰航线运到中国
Aviation fuel being flown over the hump to China.

阿萨姆邦峡谷当地人在稻田和茶园间修筑新的飞机跑道。中印空运架次的成倍增长要求夜以继日地增建新机场以及相关设施,以满足快速增长的需求
New taxi-strip foundations were laid by natives of Assam valley,drafted from rice paddies and tea plantations.Doubling of the China-India air traffic last year meant dayand-night work on new fields and on installations to handle increased volume .

贾布瓦的阿萨姆邦峡谷的最大空军基地,离缅甸不远。这里总是堆放着货物,等待着运过中印之间的喜马拉雅屏障——“驼峰”。近处是汽油罐,旁边是民工休息的帐篷。打开的板条箱中装的是战机使用的油罐。此时越过滇缅公路空运到中国的物资多过以往任何时候——一天之内空运的物资多达100 万磅
Largest air base of several in the Assam valley,Chabua, not far from Burma,was always piled high with cargo waiting to go over "the Hump"-Himalayan barrier between India and China.In foreground were gasoline tins,near them a laborer's rest tent. Open crates held belly gas tanks used by fighter planes.More material now went into China by air than ever went over the Burma Road-as much as one million pounds of cargo had been flown there in one day.

重型机器,例如平路机、卡车和牵引车,有时候被拆开空运到中国,因为这样只需要四个小时,而通过公路运输却需要两个星期
Heavy machinery,such as road scrapers, trucks,tractors,was sometimes cut in parts,flown to China.This way it took four hours;by road, two weeks.

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