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课堂实施阶段的时间短语和搭配要点

时间:2023-07-18 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:关于time的一些短语和固定搭配中,time前面要有冠词a,如have a good time玩得高兴。表示“在早晨”需要在morning前面加介词和定冠词the:in the morning;表示“今天早晨”用this morning。②作形容词可以表示“早晨的”,如the morning newspapers早报/morning exercises早操。An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。

课堂实施阶段的时间短语和搭配要点

(一)词汇学习

教材上每个单元的词汇都很多,我们主要精学与阅读和写作相关的词汇。在学习人民教育出版社教材《新目标英语》七年级Book 2 Unit 2“What time do you go to school?”单元时,我们主要学习了下列词汇。

1.time n.时间;次数;次

have a good time玩得高兴 all the time一直,老是 in time及时 on time按时 this(last,next)time这(上,下)次 for the first time第一次

用作“时间”时为不可数名词,用作“次数”时为可数名词。

I don't have time to read these books.我这些日子没时间读书

What time is it?/What is the time?几点钟了?

It's time for lunch.午饭时间到了。

关于time的一些短语和固定搭配中,time前面要有冠词a,如have a good time玩得高兴。

2.morning ①n.早晨;上午 ②adj.早上的;在上午发生的

in the morning在早晨;在上午 on Monday morning在周一上午

on the morning of the first of June在6月1日的早晨。

the fresh morning air早晨清新的空气 read the morning papers读晨报

①作名词表示从早晨到午饭之间的时间,也可以表示从午夜至中午的时间。表示“在早晨”需要在morning前面加介词定冠词the:in the morning;表示“今天早晨”用this morning。

②作形容词可以表示“早晨的”,如the morning newspapers早报/morning exercises早操。

I did my homework this morning.我今天早晨做了作业。

She works hard from morning to night.她从早到晚辛勤工作。

An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。

Childhood shows the man,as morning shows the day. 看人看年少,看天看破晓。

3.night n.夜;夜晚;晚上

at night在晚上 all night整夜 night and day日日夜夜 in/during the night在夜里 on Sunday night在星期日晚上 on the night of Friday 13 June在6月13日星期五夜晚

作名词,可以表示黑夜之任何部分,如:黄昏,深夜,午夜之前。

We sleep during the night and work during the day.我们夜晚睡觉,白天工作。

She often works far into the night.她经常工作到深夜。

We went to a party on Saturday night.我们星期六晚上参加了聚会。

It's too hot in the day and too cold at night.白天太热晚上太冷。

Night fell.It became dark.天黑了。

4.o'clock adv.点钟(与数字1~12连用)

在现代英语中,o'clock仅用于“……点整”,而不用于有时又有分的时间上。例如,nine o'clock九点整 5 past nine九点过五分 half past nine九点半。

It's six o'clock.现在是六点钟。

Lunch is at twelve o'clock.午饭在12点整。

On the great clock of time there is but one word,“Now.”在伟大的时钟上,只有一个词,就是“现在”。

One cannot put back the clock.光阴一去不复返。

5.start vi.开始;出发

start with以……开始 start off出发,动身;开始 start out出发,动身

It started to rain.下起雨来了。

He started laughing.他笑了起来。

We started at six.我们六点出发。

Early start makes easy stages.[谚]早点动身,一路从容;早开始是成功的保证。

6.wash vt.& vi.清洗;洗去

wash up(餐后)洗餐具

Go and wash yourself.你洗个澡吧。

I had to wash and dress in a hurry.我得匆匆洗个澡穿好衣服。

7.work n.& vi.工作;劳动;运转;运作

He never does any work.他什么活儿都不干。

I have a lot of work to do this evening.今晚我有许多事要做。

She works for a big company.她在一家大公司工作。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.[谚]只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。

提示:work和job都可以表示“工作”“职业”,work是不可数名词,job是可数名词,如a new job。

8.evening n.傍晚;黄昏;晚上

in the evening在晚上 evening class夜校 evening dress晚礼服

在某一天的晚上要用介词on:on a cold evening在一个寒冷的晚上/

on the evening of May 1st在五月一日的晚上

I always go to see a film on Friday evenings.我每周五晚都去看电影。

I'm working late this evening.我今晚工作到很晚。

What are you doing tomorrow evening?你明晚做什么?

9.home n.家;家庭 近义:family n.家庭homeless adj.无家可归的

at home在家 go home回家 make yourself at home像在家一样

He left home at sixteen.他在十六岁时离开了家。

She lives a long way from home.她远远地离开故乡在外地生活

East or west,home is best.金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝。

10.hour n.小时;点钟

hour是可数名词,复数为hours,单数前加an或one。

The work can be accomplished in an hour.这个工作可以一小时内完成。

One hour today is worth two tomorrow.今天的一个小时抵得上明天的两个小时。

(二)谚语学习

英语中有数以万计的谚语。谚语的主要特点是言简意赅,用日常生活中的具体事例来说明带有普遍意义的道理。人本主义理论认为,人的学习活动应当是一种自发有目的地塑造自我愉快学习的过程,学生自身具有学习的能力,当学习符合学生自身的目的时才会有意义。因此,在英语教学中,教师若能恰到好处地运用英语谚语,不仅有利于提高学生的学习兴趣和语言素养,而且有利于培养学生的欣赏能力和表达能力。谚语在中学英语教学中的作用主要有:一是巩固语言知识。语言知识的核心是词汇和句子结构。拥有一定量的单词和掌握基本的句子结构是学好语言的基础。句中学词、词句结合是掌握语言知识的有效途径。因此,除英语教材外,谚语是扩大词汇、弄清句子结构的良好学习材料。二是提高表达能力。语言的功能在于交际。交际的两个主要方面是理解(他人)和表达(自己)。英语谚语短小精悍、音韵和谐、朗朗上口,非常适合背诵。实践证明,学习谚语对于学生提高口头和书面表达能力都很有帮助。三是了解西方文化。通过了解西方文化,吸取它的精华是中学英语教学目的的一个方面。除了无名氏创作或人民群众普遍认同的俗语外,英语谚语的主要来源是《圣经》等著作、莎士比亚文学大师的作品。有些谚语则从英语成语和家喻户晓的句子演变而来,经过广泛流传和逐步完善,已经成为英语语言的精华和西方文化的结晶。

在学习人民教育出版社教材《新目标英语》七年级Book 2 Unit 2“What time do you go to school?”单元时,我们主要学习了与时间相关的谚语格言

1.时间是金,其值无价

Time is money.时间就是金钱或一寸光阴一寸金。

Time flies.光阴似箭,日月如梭。

Time has wings.光阴去如飞。

Time is a file that wears and makes no noise.光阴如锉,细磨无声。

Time and I against any two.和时间携起手来,一人抵两人。

Time is life and when the idle man kills time,he kills himself.时间就是生命,懒人消耗时间就是消耗自己的生命。/时间就是生命,节省时间,就是延长生命。

2.时间是风,去而不返

Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。

Time cannot be won again.时间一去不再来。

Time is,time was,and time is past.现在有时间,过去有时间,时间一去不复返。

Time lost can not be recalled.光阴一去不复返。

Time flies like an arrow,and time lost never returns.光阴似箭,一去不返。

3.时间是尺,万物皆检

Time tries friends as fire tries gold.时间考验朋友,烈火考验真金

Time tries truth.时间检验真理。

Time is the father of truth.时间是真理之父。

Time will tell. 时间能说明问题。

Time brings the truth to light.时间使真相大白。/时间一到,真理自明。

Time tries all.时间检验一切。

4.时间是秤,衡量权质

There is no time like the present.现在正是时候。

Take time by the forelock.把握目前的时机。

To choose time is to save time.选择时间就是节省时间。

Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.今日事,今日毕。

One of these days is none of these days.拖延时日,终难实现。/改天改天,不知哪天。

Tomorrow never comes.明天无尽头,明日何其多。

What may be done at any time will be done at no time.常将今日推明日,推到后来无踪迹。

5.时间是水,淘金流沙

Time works wonders.时间可以创造奇迹。/时间的效力不可思议。

Time works great changes.时间可以产生巨大的变化。

Times change.时代正在改变。

6.名人名言

Each moment in history is a fleeting time,precious and unique.(Richard Nixon,American president)历史巨轮飞转,分分秒秒的时间都十分宝贵,也独具意义。(美国总统尼克松

I am a slow walker,but I never walk backwards.(Abraham Lincoln,American president)我走得很慢,但是我从来不会后退。(美国总统林肯

Never leave that until tomorrow,which you can do today.(Benjamin Franklin,American president)今天的事不要拖到明天。(美国总统富兰克林)(www.xing528.com)

The golden age is before us,not behind us.(Mark Twain,American writer)黄金时代在我们面前而不在我们背后。(美国作家马克·吐温)

(三)诗歌与歌曲学习

近年来,随着英语理论的研究和探索,越来越多的国内外语言学家和外语教师开始认识到,歌曲对少年儿童的外语学习有着不可忽视的作用,加强英文歌曲教学已成为我国外语教学界的共识。《基础英语》作者埃克斯利说:“凡是能激发学生喜爱英语学习的方法,便是教英语的好方法。”教师在选择诗歌与歌曲时,除了要注意在内容上对学生的思想情操教育外,语言上也要简单明了、规范。另外,还要根据初中生的特点,尽可能选择易于为他们所接受的形式。例如,在八年级下Unit 2中,诗歌和歌曲的选择都是围绕着“大爱”的内容进行设计,以便对学生产生潜移默化的作用。为此,笔者选择了学生喜欢的Michael Jackson的歌曲,教学效果十分理想。这样,笔者在本课的教学设计理念上既充分尊重学生的个体差异,也在学习过程中注意调动不同智能优势学生的积极性。

例如,在八年级上的开学第一课,笔者和学生学习了Donna Levine的TodayIsANewDay,以此来激发学生新学期的斗志。

Donna Levine—Today Is A New Day

Your tomorrows are as bright,

as you want to make them.

There is no reason to carry

the darkness of the past

with you into today.

Today is a wonderful new experience,

full of every possibility to make

your life exactly what you want it to be.

Today is the beginning of new happiness,

new directions and new relationships.

Today is the day to remind yourself

that you possess the power

and strength you need

to bring contentment,love and joy into your life.

Today is the day to understand yourself

and to give yourself the love

and the patience that you need.

Today is the day to move forward

towards your bright tomorrow.

你的明天充满阳光,

如你心中所想。

你没有理由,

把昨天的黑暗,

带到今天。

今天是美妙的全新体验,

有那么多种可能,

使你的生活如你所愿。

今天开始有新的幸福,

新的方向和新的伙伴。

今天你要提醒自己,

你有足够的能力和力量,

把满意、爱情和欢乐带进你的生活。

今天你要了解自己,

给自己足够的爱心和耐心。

今天你会勇往直前

奔向那灿烂的明天。

(四)阅读文章

美国心理学家古德曼认为,阅读是心理语言学的猜测游戏,阅读的过程是一种自上而下对阅读材料不断做出选择和验证选择的过程。教师应根据课本阅读文章的话题、题材、时态等选择补充阅读材料。

1.课内外语篇教学。在语篇水平的阅读教学中,教师要逐步摆脱对孤立的语言单位——词汇、语法和句子作孤立的分析和讲解,要注重篇章知识的教学和对文章整体结构的分析,扩大学生的视野,注重跨文化交际,体验原汁原味的英语文化,使学生逐渐具备确立篇章的能力,从而学以致用。英语的阅读课堂教学不应该像传统的教学那样,只停留在解释材料中的语言要点及重点语言现象。在阅读写作联动教学法中,教师应采用“先见森林后见树木”的教学方法,从内容、材料的整体着手,逐层展开,加强语篇的阅读教学。

2.篇章层次的教学。在这个层次上,教师应放眼于整篇文章的结构。不同体裁的文章具有不同的结构形式,如议论文有三个要素,即论点、论据和结论,这三个要素可被看作为议论文的框架组成要素。通过阅读,教师可以要求学生揣摩写作者的意图,分析整篇文章体裁结构上的特点。然后,根据文章的整体结构,了解作者是怎样谋篇布局的,如作者是如何开篇、怎样结束的;表达文章中心思想的主题段落所处的位置,各段落大意以及相互之间的语篇关系;写作者的意图、情感写作技巧等。并要了解与文章相关的文化背景和知识,深化对文章主题的理解。在此基础上,可组织学生讨论文章的思想、内容与整体框架结构,并在此基础上,编写文章的写作提纲。

3.句子层次的教学。在这个层次上,教师要着重分析句子之间的关系和作用。例如,在文章的某一段中,哪一句是表达段落大意的主题句,段落中的主题句与展开句之间的关系,展开句是如何逐层展开的,各句是如何相互衔接构成段落的,等等。在此基础上,教师可穿插段落写作的基本知识训练。

4.词汇句式层次的教学。在这一层次上,教师要进行文章中一些重点词、关键短语、固定句式以及某些语言点的分析和讲解。在分析讲解的过程中,还应注意将新语言知识与学生已有的语言知识联系起来,使学生通过自身的思维活动消化、吸收、内化新的语言知识。

(五)话题写作

与传统教学方法不同的是,在这一教学步骤中,教师应当首先组织与阅读文章相关知识的讨论,师生共享阅读文章的感受。而后学生根据命题作文的要求进行相关写作。

教师在指导学生进行话题写作时,除了分析阅读篇章,还应有针对性地进行一些基本的指导,主要包括:

1.仔细审题,明确任务,防止离题、跑题。既要审文体属于记叙文、议论文、说明文,还是应用文;又要审人称,避免人称的随意性,使作文主题明确、叙事清楚;既要审时态,又要审注意事项,如规定的词数、指定的时间或其他要求,避免被扣分。

2.紧扣要点,表达准确。有些学生下笔万言,但得分寥寥,关键就在于没有围绕要点展开。所以学生在下笔书写前要看懂题意(图意),合理地分配笔墨,保证内容要点的完整性。建议学生细查要求,用关键词列出要点,然后套用句型,转化要点为合适的英语句子。多用简单句,尤其要选择好动词,根据英语的文法进行表达,保证表达得准确和地道。

3.整理要点,谋篇布局。要点的简单罗列并不等同好的文章,还要依照文体安排结构,把握主线,加工要点,保证合理布局、层次分明,语意连贯。

4.过渡自然,连句成文。好的文章还需要使用一些句式变换和连接手法对语言进行美化,使文章语句通顺,文字优美。例如,连句成篇的过程中注意用词的刻意变化,以参观为例,可以用visit,pay a visit,call at增加变化;建议简单句写得好的学生可以适当使用长句复合句倒装句等以增加语言的丰富性。

5.主题升华,立意清晰。例如,在学习人民教育出版社教材《新目标英语》八年级Book 4 Unit 2“I'll help clean up the city parks.”单元时,笔者引导学生学以致用,从以下几个方面使学生的作文有所提升。

句子的多样化表达 Talking About Likes.

(1)I like working/to work outside best.

(2)Reading is part of my life.

(3)Football is my favorite.

(4)I'm crazy about basketball.

(5)I'm fond of reading books.

(6)I'm interested in gardening.

(7)I'm keen on singing and dancing.

(8)I'm a gifted cook./I have a gift for cooking.

(9)I'm good at English.

谚语的运用:

(1)Life is a matter of giving and taking.

(2)One for all and all for one.

(3)Virtue never grows old.

(4)Be considerate toward the poor.

(5)It is better to give than to take.

(6)Many hands make light work.

(7)I think doing volunteer work will make a difference to their life and ours.

(8)Love is strong,and it only cares for joyful giving.

(9)Let's make the world a better place to live in—for us,and for the future generation.

(10)If everyone helps out a bit,the world will be filled with love,joy and peace./If everyone helps out a bit,the world will be a better place to live in.

(11)In my opinion,being a volunteer is a win-win activity.On one hand,I can help the people in need.On the other hand,I can make a difference to other people's life and my life.

例如八年级Book 4 Unit 2“I'll help clean up the city parks.”的话题写作与学生的习作如下。

寒假中,学生将会组织一些志愿活动。请你根据个人特长,选择参加其中两项活动,谈谈你选择它们的原因以及你准备具体做些什么?(词数80~200)

Volunteers Wanted

☆★☆Visit Old People's Home

☆★☆Teach in the Village School

☆★☆Help Clean Up the City Parks

☆★☆Help Sick Children in the Hospital

Come and join us!

学生作文样篇:

1.I'm a middle school student.I want to be a volunteer to help people.I think I'm the person who can get on well with the old.Although I am busy,I still want to have an opportunity to visit old people's home as a volunteer.More than doing some cleaning for the old,performing a play with my friends is another thing I can do.Besides,loneliness is a problem they are facing.Talking with them is the best solution I come up with.

If I had another chance,I would help sick children in the hospital.I love children and I plan to put this love to good use by working in the hospital with sick children after school.

In a word,I would like to help people who need help.

Please call me up—62876481,warm-hearted.

2.I'm a middle school student.I want to be a volunteer to help people.According to your advertisements,the following two activities may suit me just fine.

One activity that I'd like to join in is to help clean up the city parks.I do believe that many hands make our city clean,so I'll pick up the litter in order to offer others a better environment.

The other thing,what I develop an interest in is to teach in the village school.On the one hand,many people said I had a talent for teaching.On the other hand,what will delight me most must be putting my love for teaching to good use in this way.I plan to tell the students about the outside world,and make an effort to broaden their minds.Needless to say,if I could realize my dream,there would be a big change both in the students'and my life.

As we all know,“All for one,one for all.”Let me join your club.I won't let you down!

Please call me up—62876481.

3.I'd like to visit the old people's home.The old have made great contribution to building our city.But now they are lonely and weak.It's our duty to take good care of them and cheer them up.I could read newspaper for them.And I'll help clean their houses.What's more,it's my pleasure to sing songs and perform plays for them.You know,I have a talent for singing and dancing.

Also,it would be nice if I could help clean up the city parks.I'd like to do lots of things such as picking up waste,planting trees,fixing up the boats and so on.Furthermore,I could call up my classmates to join in.I believe if everyone helps out a bit,the world will be a better place to live in.

What it all boils down to is that I will put my heart and soul into the volunteer work.“Action speaks louder than words.”Let me try.

4.I am a middle school student.I want to be a volunteer to help people.

I'd like to visit the old people's home.The old have done a lot for us.But now they are lonely and weak.It's our duty to take good care of them and cheer them up.I could read newspaper for them.And I'll do some cleaning with my friends.What's more,it's my pleasure to sing songs and dance for them.You know,I have a talent for singing and dancing.(It's my pleasure to play chess with them.You know,I have a gift for playing chess.)

Also,I'll clean up the city parks.I'd like to do lots of things such as picking up the litter,planting trees,fixing up the boats and so on.

What's more,I will call up my classmates and other people to join us.I believe if everyone helps out a bit,the world will be a better place to live in.

All in all,“One for all and all for one.”Let me try.

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