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从翻译的角度看待翻译:TipsforTranslation

时间:2023-06-06 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:Wisdom is required both in appreciating great artistic works and in understanding great scientific concepts.分析:在这个例子中,我们可以看到,汉语的主语太长,如果直接用汉语原文的主语来充当英语译文的主语,就显得有点头重脚轻。China has/boasts/enjoys a long history in terms of her diet culture.分析:在这个例子中,汉语的主语是“中国的饮食文化”,其主语中心词是“文化”。Fan Bingbing, a Chinese film star whose credits include “Iron Man 3” and “Despicable Me 3”, was fined RMB 883 million yuan for tax evasion.凡事应该适

从翻译的角度看待翻译:TipsforTranslation

(接上一单元

本章从英汉语法的差异,针对汉语主语的特点,探讨翻译主语的方法。有些翻译的方法有多个版本,可以根据需要,选择适合的翻译。本章编排特点是分析典型的汉语句型,通过对照不同版本译文的优缺点,找到不同句型翻译成英语的各种方法,有助于译者培养句子结构的整体翻译的意识,不拘泥于汉语句子本身,减少误译的可能和中式英语的出现。例如:

(15)伟大艺术美学鉴赏和伟大的科学观念的理解都需要智慧。

Wisdom is required both in appreciating great artistic works and in understanding great scientific concepts.

分析:在这个例子中,我们可以看到,汉语的主语太长,如果直接用汉语原文的主语来充当英语译文的主语,就显得有点头重脚轻。这个时候,我们就可以利用“英语句子多用被动句”的特点,确定汉语原文的宾语“智慧”来充当英语译文的主语。

(16)为了保证国民经济持续、快速、健康地发展,我们必须加快国有企业的改革步伐。

译一:Paces/speed/steps/strides of the reform of the SOEs must be quickened/accelerated in order to ensure a sustainable, rapid and sound growth of national economy.

译二:The speed/pace of reform of state-owned enterprises must be accelerated (stepped up) to ensure a sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy.

分析:在这个例子中,汉语原文的主语应该是“我们”。但是,这个我们属于泛指的,不专门针对某一个人或者某几个人。当然,一方面,我们可以采用选取汉语原文的“我们”来充当英语译文的主语,而把这个句子的译文安排为“We must accelerate...”这样一个结构。但是,直接选用汉语原文的宾语“国有企业的改革步伐”来充当英语译文的主语,并且不提出这个泛指的主语“我们”,更适合英语的表达方式

(17)目前中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和经济改革。

译一:Today is witnessing a far-reaching social and economic reform carried out in China。

译二:At present, a sweeping and profound social and economic reform is being carried out in China.

分析:在这个例子中,汉语是一个无主句。显然,一方面,我们可以确定汉语的宾语为英语的主语,使用英语的被动结构来翻译,避免了需要去找一个动作发出者来充当主语的情况。

(18)中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。

译一:Many changes are taking place in China’s diet style.

译二:China is undergoing changes in terms of her diet style.

分析:我们可以看到,上面这个例子中,汉语原文的主语是“中国的饮食方式”,谓语是“发生”,宾语是“许多变化”。当一旦确定了宾语“许多变化”为英语译文主语的时候,这个英语译文的逻辑结构就可以直接用主动结构:Many changes are taking place...。因为在英语中,“变化”与动词“发生”的搭配是符合逻辑,而不能说“变化被发生”。

(19)中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史

China has/boasts/enjoys a long history in terms of her diet culture.

分析:在这个例子中,汉语的主语是“中国的饮食文化”,其主语中心词是“文化”。如果确定“文化”为英语译文的主语,则原来汉语句子只能生硬的转化为“文化具有历史”这样的英语结构。所以我们可以把主语中心词前面的修饰语“中国”确定为英语译文的主语,这样一来,整个句子的逻辑结构就非常清楚,突出了“中国在饮食文化方面具有悠久的历史”这个信息。

(20)充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。

译一:The private ownership (non-public sector) should be given a full part/play in accelerating economic improvement, enlarging employment, and flourishing the market.

译二:We should take advantage of non public-owned economy, including individual,privately owned etc., to fulfill its significant effect on accelerating economic improvement,enlarging employment, and flourishing the market.

(21)中国影星范冰冰因逃税被罚款8.83亿元(合1.29亿美元),她的代表作有《钢铁侠3》(Iron Man 3)和《神偷奶爸3》(Despicable Me 3)。

Fan Bingbing, a Chinese film star whose credits include “Iron Man 3” and “Despicable Me 3”, was fined RMB 883 million yuan (USD 129 million) for tax evasion.

(22)凡事应该适度,适度是最安全的。

One/We should be moderate in all things/in dealing with interpersonal relations/in tackling worldly affairs since/as moderation is always the safest way.

(23)中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

A stronger, more prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any country.

(24)我们之间关系的发展,使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友,而且成为兄弟。

Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.

(25)这一目标的实现,最直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞了,更舒服了。

译一:The achievement of the goal will benefit the people who will live more spaciously and comfortably.

译二:The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.

(26)经过二十多年的快速发展,中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础,社会保持稳定,市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善,为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境

译一:Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China, which offers a favorable market for a rapid and sustainable growth in the very region.

译二:The rapid development in the past 20-plus years has witnessed a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China, which offers a favorable market for a rapid and sustainable growth in the very region.

(27)中国将致力于建设国家创新体系,通过营造良好的环境,推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新,这是中国实现跨世纪发展的必由之路。

Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation (in terms of knowledge, technology and system), which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turnof-the-century development.

A.翻译下列句子,注意正反技巧的运用。

1.中国是有着悠久历史和重要地位的大国,是世界文明古国之一,也是人类文明的摇篮之一,对人类的进步和科技进步做出了不可磨灭的贡献。

2.亚洲经济是世界经济的重要组成部分,亚洲经济的蓬勃发展为世界经济注入了新的活力,为国际贸易投资开辟了巨大的市场。

3.十多亿人口的中国是个巨大的市场,与各国的经济技术合作有着广阔的前景。

4.上海大众公司是一家中德合资企业,去年汽车产量为20万辆,预计今年产量可增加10万辆。

5.“十二五”期间,国家投资重点将用于加强中西部地区的基础设施建设,包括农林,水利建设,能源交通、通讯、环保等。

B.将下列段落译成英语。

过去十年因特网的快速发展导致了全球经济的上升。全球化对国家的经济有深刻的影响,也给国家在这个新的全球环境中有效地竞争带来了压力。经济全球化也带来了新的民族主义的问题和对当地文化进行保护的问题。这一新现象带来了要求变革的压力,同时这种压力意味着国家能够在全球范围内竞争。在这个新环境里,一个国家最重要的两个商品就是信息和知识。

三峡大坝的建造是举世瞩目的最伟大的成就之一。我对这项宏伟工程仍然充满敬畏:谁能想象高山会被移动,世界最大的河流之一会被人驯服,就为了造福13亿人民!中国人民似乎没有克服不了的困难。他们正在构筑自己的未来,其规模与人民的需要相匹配。如果谁真正了解中国人民的需求需要付出多大的努力,他们就不会对这种努力说三道四。每个工业化国家在其发展的历史进程中,都有一个重大的阶段进行基础设施建设,造福于民。中国目前正处在这样一个阶段,并且面临比所有其他国家更多更大的任务。

No task seems too large for the people of China.They are building their future on a scale that matches the needs for their people, who could fault this effort if they truly understood what it takes to provide for the people of China.In the history of every in-dustrialized nation, there has been a great period of building infrastructure for the bene-fit of its people.China is in this period now and the task is much greater than the ones that any other country has ever faced.

国际贸易词汇(三)

空运单 air waybill

主空运单 master air waybill

分空运单 substitute air waybill

铁路运输交货通知 delivery notice (rail transport)

邮递包裹投递单 despatch note (post parcels)

多式联运单证 multimodal/combined transport document

直达提单 through bill of lading

货运代理人运输证书 forwarder’s certificate of transport

联运单证 combined transport document

多式联运单证 multimodal transport document

多式联运提单 combined transport bill of lading/multimoda bill of lading

订舱确认 booking confirmation

要求交货通知 calling forward notice

运费发票 freight invoice

货物到达通知 arrival notice

无法交货通知 notice of circumstances preventing delivery

无法运货通知 notice of circumstances preventing transport

交货通知 delivery notice

载货清单 cargo manifest

载货运费清单 freight manifest

公路运输货物清单 bordereau

铁路费用单 charges note(www.xing528.com)

托收通知 advice of collection

船舶安全证书 safety of ship certificate

无线电台安全证书 safety of radio certificate

设备安全证书 safety of equipment certificate

油污民事责任书 civil liability for oil certificate

航海健康证书 maritime declaration of health

船舶登记证书 certificate of registry

船用物品申报单 ship’s stores declaration

出口货物报关单 goods declaration for exportation

离港货物报关单 cargo declaration (departure)

货物监管证书申请表 application for goods control certificate

货物监管证书申请表 goods control certificate

商品检验申请表 application for inspection certificate

商品检验证书 inspection certificate

原产地证书 certificate of origin

原产地申明 declaration of origin

地区名称证书 regional appellation certificate

优惠原产地证书 preference certificate of origin

普惠制原产地证书 certificate of origin form GSP

危险货物申报单 dangerous goods declaration

出口统计报表 export statistical document

商业细节的报关单 customs declaration without commercial detail

有商业和项目细节的报关单 customs declaration with commercial and item detail

无项目细节的报关单 customs declaration without item detail

有关单证 related document

海关收据 Customs receipt

调汇申请 application for exchange allocation

调汇许可 foreign exchange permit

进口货物报关单 goods declaration for importation

内销货物报关单 goods declaration for home use

海关即刻放行报关单 customs immediate release declaration

海关放行通知 customs delivery note

到港货物报关单 cargo declaration (arrival)

货物价值申报清单 value declaration

海关发票 Customs invoice

邮包报关单 Customs declaration (post parcels)

增值税申报单 tax declaration (value added tax)

普通税申报单 tax declaration (general)

催税单 tax demand

禁运货物许可证 embargo permit

海关转运货物报关单 goods declaration for customs transit

海关一般回复 general response (Customs)

海关公文回复 document response (Customs)

海关误差回复 error response (Customs)

海关一揽子回复 package response (Customs)

海关计税/确认回复 tax calculation /confirmation response (Customs)

配额预分配证书 quota prior allocation certificate

政府合同 government contract

进口统计报表 import statistical document

先前海关文件/报文 previous Customs document/message

一般贸易 ordinary trade

易货贸易 barter trade

补偿贸易 compensation trade

协定贸易 agreement trade

进料加工 processing with imported materials

来料加工 processing with customer’s materials

出料加工 outward processing

寄售贸易 consignment trade

国际租赁 international lease

边境贸易 frontier trade

转口贸易 entrepot trade

许可贸易 license trade

期货贸易 forward trade

承包工程 contract project

国际招标 international bid

国际展览 international exhibition

国际货款进口 international loan

归还贷款出口 reimburse loan

外商投资企业进口 imports by foreign-invested enterprises

外商投资企业出口 exports by foreign-invested enterprises

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